The existing train anti-climbing energy-absorbing structures had low energy absorption and unpredictable deformation patterns, and were highly susceptible to bending under complex boundary conditions, resulting in a significant decrease in energy absorption and accompanying the risk of climbing and derailment. In order to solve these problems, a negative Poisson's ratio metamaterial was proposed based on an improved topology optimization method and applied to the filling structures of train energy absorbers. Firstly, a negative Poisson's ratio metamaterial was designed by the improved solid isotropic material with penalization, and the samples were prepared by laser selective melting processes, which verified the stable negative Poisson's ratio deformation mode and excellent energy absorption properties, and then the energy absorber filler structures were formed by tensile and periodic arrangement. The specific energy absorption of the proposed negative Poisson's ratio structures is 17.9% higher than that of the conventional honeycomb structures under centric and 40 mm eccentric conditions, and the specific energy absorption degradation rate is significantly lower than that of the conventional structures under eccentric conditions.
综上所述,国内外研究学者针对列车吸能器填充结构进行的研究大多集中于传统的薄壁和蜂窝结构上,受结构和材料的限制,这些结构吸能量有限且难以大幅度提高;同时部分学者基于主观经验和反复尝试提出了负泊松比超材料并应用于各种填充结构上,但负泊松比超材料的设计缺乏科学的理论指导,无法保证高效的吸能特性。为了解决这些问题,本文基于改进的具有惩罚的实体各向同性材料(solid isotropic material with penalization,SIMP)拓扑优化方法提出了一种新型的负泊松比超材料,并应用于列车防爬吸能器填充结构上。
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