Sandwich structures were widely used in aerospace and other fields due to their high stiffness-to-weight ratio characteristics. The calculation costs of compliance simulation analyses in optimization design processes were significantly higher than that of weight constraints. However, the existing homogeneous algorithms assumed that the objectives were equivalent to the costs of constraint evaluation, which led to poor optimization adaptability and low efficiency. Thus, a constraint-objective two-stage optimization framework was designed based on feasibility rate to match adaptive optimization direction for real-time optimization paths. In the first stage, a dual offspring population collaborative optimization strategy of exploratory mutation-constraint relaxation screening and exploitative mutation-uncertainty screening was proposed to simultaneously enhance the level of constraint optimization and the reliability of the surrogate model, and the partial evaluation strategy was designed to save time-consuming objective evaluation. In the second stage, the search type was defined by combining feasible solution clustering analyses and dynamic threshold, and the surrogate model modeling and evolution strategy were adjusted adaptively. Under three classical loads, the proposed algorithm obtains optimal structures comparing with the gradient algorithm and other state-of-the-art algorithms of the same type, which confirms the effectiveness in practical applications.
为了获得高刚度夹层结构,可通过优化芯材的材料分布来实现。当前,拓扑优化已成为解决夹层结构优化设计问题的有效手段之一。传统的隐式拓扑优化算法主要分为两类:密度法和边界法。密度法的典型方法包括渐进结构优化(evolutionary structural optimization,ESO)[2]方法和固体各向同性材料惩罚(solid isotropic material with penalization,SIMP)[3]方法,而边界法则以水平集法[4]为代表。这两类方法都需要将设计域离散化为有限元网格,但分别采用不同的优化策略。在密度法中,材料密度变量用于表征设计域内的材料分布。该方法通过优化网格单元上的密度值,实现材料的移除或添加,从而达到结构优化的目的。水平集法则采用水平集函数表征结构的边界,其优化过程依赖于网格节点处水平集函数的演化。为了获得清晰的结构轮廓,传统拓扑优化算法通常需要离散化出密集的网格单元,这导致有限元分析存在显著的计算负担[5]。相较于传统的隐式拓扑优化算法,基于可移动变形组件(movable morphable components,MMC)[6]的显式拓扑优化方法具有显著优势。MMC方法以参数化构件(如杆)为基本单元,并将构件的几何参数(如尺寸、位置和方向)作为优化设计变量。这种显式拓扑优化方法可将设计变量个数减少至几十,并且不依赖于密集的网格,从而显著降低与拓扑优化相关的计算负担。
式中:为PCSS问题的设计变量,由单胞中各2D基本组件的以及构成;为设计变量上下界;C为柔顺度;和分别为诺依曼边界上的体积力密度和预设的表面牵引力;为位移场;为狄利克雷边界上的规定位移,且其值在本研究中被设置为0;H(·)为赫维赛德函数;为构建的多分量拓扑函数;q为惩罚因子,其值在本研究中被设置为2; E 为给定弹性模量E和泊松比的各向同性固体材料的四阶弹性张量;为二阶线性应变张量;为虚拟位移向量的可允许集合;为固体材料可用体积的上界;为第(l-1)个与第l个2D基本组件之间的夹角,为此角度的下界。
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