Nickel-based superalloys were widely used in aerospace and other fields. However, significant challenges were in machining, including severe tool wear, poor surface integrity, and low processing efficiency, which could not be effectively mitigated by conventional lubrication techniques. To address these issues, C60 nanofluid cutting fluid was introduced to enhance lubrication at the tool-workpiece interfaces, thereby reducing friction and suppressing heat accumulation. A novel cutting force modeling approach was developed, incorporating the tribological properties and cooling effects of nanofluids. The model integrated oblique cutting theory, mirror heat source method, and Johnson-Cook constitutive equation to calculate cutting forces. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model accurately quantifies the synergistic effects of friction reduction and cooling enhancement under nanofluid lubrication, achieving an average prediction error of 6.73% for cutting forces. Notably, the cutting force peak is reduced by 19.6% under nanofluid lubrication compared to conventional cutting fluids. Furthermore, a multi-objective optimization strategy was proposed based on Pareto optimality and PSO. A comprehensive evaluation system was established considering machining efficiency and cutting forces. Optimization results show that the cutting force decreases by 5.7%, while machining efficiency increases by 36.33% after parameter optimization.
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