This study investigates the effects of reverse flow, axial leakage, and circumferential leakage on the volumetric efficiency of a micro two-dimensional (2D) piston pump through theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and experimental testing. The results indicate that reverse flow is the primary cause of volumetric efficiency loss. Reducing the trapped volume can significantly decrease reverse flow and enhance volumetric efficiency; specifically, the efficiency increases by 13.31% at a working pressure of 35 MPa.
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