台风“剑鱼”致典型建筑与农业温室结构破坏调查与分析

Investigation and analysis of damages to typical buildings and agricultural greenhouse structures caused by typhoon Kajiki

摘要

2025年第13号台风“剑鱼”侵袭海南省三亚市，成为该市有气象记录以来影响最严重的台风。基于“剑鱼”12级风圈内的实地调研，结合气象数据评估风力等级与风速回归期，系统分析建筑屋面光伏结构、高层建筑围护结构及农业温室结构3类典型建筑与农业温室结构的风致破坏形式与机理。结果表明，影响区风速回归期略低于50年一遇，未超出一般建筑结构设计风压值，因此未对其主体结构造成破坏。调查发现部分非主体结构仍出现了破坏。建筑屋面光伏结构具体破坏原因为连接螺栓失效；高层建筑围护结构破坏多源于局部负压超限、脉动风致疲劳、环境致材料或构件耐久性衰减及材料性能不足；农业温室结构破坏主因是覆膜老化致抗撕裂与抗风揭性能下降、结构整体稳定性与刚度不足。针对3类结构破坏特征与机理，从设计、材料、构造、施工及运维5个方面提出抗风减灾措施，以期为气象、住建和应急管理等部门的防灾减灾决策及工程防台风设计提供科学依据。

Abstract

Typhoon Kajiki (No. 2513) struck Sanya City, Hainan Province, with wind intensity reaching Beaufort scale 14, making it the strongest typhoon recorded in the region. Through field investigations within the typhoon’s 12-level wind circle and an analysis of meteorological data to determine wind speed return periods, a systematic analysis was conducted on the wind-induced damage patterns and mechanisms of three typical structural types: rooftop photovoltaic (PV) arrays, high-rise building envelopes, and agricultural greenhouses. The results show that the wind speed return period in the affected area was slightly below the 50-year benchmark. Consequently, the resulting wind pressure did not exceed the design specifications for general building structures, and thus did not result in significant failure of primary structural systems. However, the investigation also found that some secondary structural elements sustained damage. The specific causes are as follows: damage to rooftop PV structures was chiefly caused by the failure of connection bolts. For high-rise building envelopes, damage primarily resulted from localized excessive negative pressure, fatigue due to fluctuating wind loads, environmental degradation of material durability, and inherent deficiencies in material performance. Damage to agricultural greenhouse structures was mainly due to the aging of covering films, which reduced their tear and wind uplift resistance, alongside insufficient overall structural stability and stiffness. Based on these damage mechanisms, wind resistance and disaster mitigation measures are proposed, addressing five key aspects: design, materials, detailing, construction, and operation maintenance. This study is expected to provide a scientific basis for disaster management decisions by meteorological, construction, and emergency management agencies, as well as for the typhoon-resistant design of engineering structures.

关键词

台风“剑鱼” / 风灾调研 / 建筑与农业温室结构 / 风速回归期 / 风致破坏 / 抗风措施

Key words

typhoon Kajiki / wind disaster investigation / buildings and agricultural greenhouse structures / wind speed return period / wind-induced damage / wind resistance measure

作者贡献声明

李勋煜和徐婧负责风灾现场实地调查，收集调研数据并整理，并撰写初稿、修订内容、润色语言等。刘苑锟和雷洋负责风灾现场实地调查，收集调研数据并整理，并使用统计工具进行调研数据分析。黄斌、李潇、闫渤文和杨庆山负责对论文内容提出关键修改意见和逻辑调整，提供学术指导和学术方向把握，并提供经费与资源支持。

AI使用声明

本文的英文题名、摘要和关键词采用Deepssek-V3.2翻译生成，并进行了部分修改。

利益冲突声明

作者声明，不存在已知的可能影响本论文所报告工作的竞争性经济利益或个人关系。

伦理声明

不适用：本文不涉及人类或动物的生物学研究。

数据可用性

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© 2026《海南大学学报(自然科学版中英文)》编辑部

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)李勋煜，徐婧，刘苑锟，等. 台风“剑鱼”致典型建筑与农业温室结构破坏调查与分析[J]. 海南大学学报（自然科学版中英文），2026，44（3）：337−350Li Xunyu, Xu Jing, Liu Yuankun, et al. Investigation and analysis of damages to typical buildings and agricultural greenhouse structures caused by typhoon Kajiki[J]. Natural Science of Hainan University，2026，44（3）：337−350