轻质高固耐候聚氨酯涂料的研制及应用

Preparation and application of lightweight high-solid-content weather-resistant polyurethane paint

摘要

[目的] 通过整合耐候低黏度的丙烯酸树脂、HDI(六亚甲基二异氰酸酯)三聚体及功能助剂，开发一款轻质耐候聚氨酯涂料。[方法] 讨论树脂种类、固化剂、异氰酸酯基/羟基当量比、颜基比及施工工艺对涂料性能的影响。[结果] 在铝合金上制备的聚氨酯涂料的综合性能优异，具有固体含量高(可达 70%以上)，干膜密度低[可降至 1.34 ~ 1.49 g/(m 2·μm)]，耐冲击性能好(1 kg 重锤的破坏高度起码 50 cm)，超耐候(1 500 h 紫外色差变化小)，耐液压油和耐水性能好(浸泡 30 d 仍完好)等特点。[结论] 所开发的高固体分丙烯酸涂料在轻量化、力学强度、耐候性及环保性方面均满足航空航天领域的严苛要求，实现了高性能与国产化的双重目标。

Abstract

[Objective] To develop a lightweight weather-resistant polyurethane paint by integrating low-viscosity and weather-resistant acrylic resin, HDI (hexamethylene diisocyanate) trimer, and functional additives. [Method] The effects of resin type, curing agent, isocyanate-to-hydroxyl equivalent ratio, pigment-to-binder ratio, and application process on coating performance were discussed. [Result] The polyurethane coating prepared on aluminum alloy exhibited excellent comprehensive performance, characterized by high solid content (up to over 70%), low dry film density (reduced to 1.34 -1.49 g/(m ²·μm)), good impact resistance (failure height of at least 50 cm for a 1 kg hammer), superior weather resistance (negligible color change after 1 500 hours of ultraviolet exposure), as well as excellent resistance to hydraulic oil and water (remaining intact after 30 days of immersion). [Conclusion] The developed high-solid-content acrylic paint meets the stringent requirements of the aerospace industry in terms of lightweight, mechanical strength, weather resistance, and environmental friendliness, achieving the dual goals of high performance and localization.

关键词

铝合金 / 聚氨酯涂料 / 轻质 / 耐候性 / 航空航天

Key words

aluminum alloy / polyurethane paint / lightweight / weather resistance / aerospace industry

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