0Cr13Ni5Mo不锈钢表面激光熔覆不同金属基涂层的组织结构与性能

Microstructure and properties of different metal-based coatings obtained by laser cladding on 0Cr13Ni5Mo stainless steel

摘要

[目的] 针对水轮机过流部件在含沙河流中磨蚀严重的问题，对比了不锈钢表面不同金属基激光熔覆层的组织结构与性能，为水轮机部件表面强化与材料筛选提供理论依据和选材指导。[方法] 采用激光熔覆技术在0Cr13Ni5Mo不锈钢基体上分别制备Fe基、Ni基和Co基熔覆层。对比了3种金属基熔覆层的微观组织、显微硬度、耐磨性及耐蚀性。[结果] 3种激光熔覆层均与基体实现了良好的冶金结合。Fe基熔覆层的显微硬度最高(约570 HV _0.5)，耐磨性最优，但耐蚀性不如Co基和Ni基熔覆层；Co基熔覆层的显微硬度约470 HV _0.5，耐磨性较优；Ni基熔覆层的显微硬度最低(约390 HV _0.5)，耐磨性较差。[结论] 对0Cr13Ni5Mo不锈钢熔覆不同金属基涂层可在不同方面提高其表面性能，本研究可为水轮机过流部件在不同运行条件下的表面强化与材料选型提供理论依据与实践指导。

Abstract

[Objective] This study aims to address the severe erosion of hydroturbine flow components in sediment-laden rivers by comparing the microstructure and properties of different laser-clad metal-based coatings on stainless steel surfaces, thereby providing a theoretical basis and material selection guidance for surface strengthening of hydroturbine components. [Method] Fe-based, Ni-based, and Co-based coatings were prepared on a 0Cr13Ni5Mo stainless steel substrate by laser cladding. The microstructure, microhardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of the three laser-clad coatings were systematically compared. [Result] All three laser-clad coatings achieved excellent metallurgical bonding with the substrate. The laser-clad Fe-based coating exhibited the highest microhardness (approximately 570 HV _0.5) and the best wear resistance, but its corrosion resistance was inferior to that of the laser-clad Co-based and Ni-based coatings. The laser-clad Co-based coating had a microhardness of about 470 HV _0.5 and relative good wear resistance. The laser-clad Ni-based coating had the lowest microhardness (approximately 390 HV _0.5) and relatively poor wear resistance. [Conclusion] The surface properties of 0Cr13Ni5Mo stainless steel can be improved in different aspects by laser cladding with different metal-based coatings. This study provides theoretical and practical guidance for surface strengthening and material selection of hydraulic turbine flow-passage components under different operating conditions.

关键词

水轮机过流部件 / 不锈钢 / 激光熔覆 / 显微组织 / 耐磨性 / 耐蚀性

Key words

hydroturbine flow component / stainless steel / laser cladding / microstructure / wear resistance / corrosion resistance

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