防锈剂对 EPS 处理热轧带钢热镀锌性能的影响

Effect of rust preventive on hot-dip galvanizing of hot-rolled steel strip treated by eco-pickled surface

摘要

[目的] 研究含 Si(记为 A)和不含 Si(记为 B)两种水基防锈剂对经湿法抛丸(EPS)和 EPS+纤维刷工艺(EPS plus)除鳞防锈后的 Q235B 热轧带钢热镀锌性能的影响，旨在为实际生产中优化 EPS 除鳞工艺、提升热镀锌层品质提供数据支持与参考。[方法] 采用粗糙度轮廓仪、接触角测量仪及扫描电镜(SEM)表征除鳞防锈处理后热轧带钢的表面粗糙度、润湿性及氧化皮残留情况；对钢板进行热镀锌及溶锌试验，利用扫描电镜和电子探针分别观察锌层表面形貌及脱锌后表面抑制层形貌、锌层截面形貌及元素分布，并计算锌消耗量；通过折弯试验检测锌层结合力。[结果] 不同除鳞防锈工艺处理后钢板表面粗糙度( Ra)分别为 1.813 1 μm(EPS+A)、1.394 2 μm(EPS plus+A)、3.257 4 μm(EPS+B)和 2.804 5 μm(EPS plus+B)。除 EPS+B 处理钢板表面残留极少量氧化铁皮外，其余处理均无残留。EPS plus+B 处理试样锌消耗量最低，但镀锌层结合力不达标(2 级)。EPS plus+A 处理试样结合力为 1 级，且其锌消耗量在满足镀锌品质要求的工艺中最低。[结论] 采用含 Si 的 A 防锈剂处理的带钢表面粗糙度小、无氧化皮残留、润湿性好，有利于热镀锌时形成连续致密的 Fe–Al 抑制层，镀锌层结合力好(1 级)；采用不含 Si 的 B 防锈剂处理会降低锌液在带钢表面的润湿性，阻碍锌液铺展及抑制层形成，导致折弯后镀锌层出现微裂纹。研究结果对环保除鳞工艺中防锈剂的选型与镀锌品质的提升具有一定的指导意义。

Abstract

[Objective] This work studied the effect of two water-based rust preventives, Si-containing (coded as A) and Si-free (coded as B), on the hot-dip galvanizing of Q235B hot-rolled steel strip after descaling and rust prevention by eco-pickled surface (EPS, namely wet blasting) and EPS plus fiber brush (EPS plus) processes, aiming to provide data support and reference for optimizing the EPS descaling process and improving the quality of the hot-dip galvanized coating in actual production. [Method] The surface roughness, wettability, and residual oxide scale of steel strips after descaling and rust prevention were characterized using a roughness profilometer, contact angle meter, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Hot-dip galvanizing and zinc stripping were conducted on steel sheets. The surface morphology of the zinc coating and the inhibition layer after zinc stripping, and the cross-sectional morphology and elemental distribution of the zinc coating were analyzed by SEM and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and the zinc consumption was calculated. The adhesion of the zinc coating was evaluated by bending test. [Result] After descaling and rust prevention treatments, the surface roughness ( Ra) of the steel sheets were 1.813 1 μm (EPS+A), 1.394 2 μm (EPS plus+A), 3.257 4 μm (EPS+B), and 2.804 5 μm (EPS plus+B). Except for the EPS+B-treated sheet, which exhibited a very small amount of residual iron oxide scale, no residual scale was observed on the other specimens. The EPS plus+B-treated specimen showed the lowest zinc consumption, but its coating adhesion was only Grade 2 (unqualified). In contrast, the EPS plus+A-treated specimen achieved Grade 1 adhesion and the lowest zinc consumption among the processes that met the coating quality requirements. [Conclusion] Steel strips treated with the Si-containing rust preventive A displayed low surface roughness, no residual oxide scale, and good wettability, which facilitated the formation of a continuous and dense Fe–Al inhibition layer during hot-dip galvanizing and resulted in excellent coating adhesion (Grade 1). Treatment with the Si-free rust preventive B reduced the wettability of the molten zinc on the strip surface, hindered the spreading of the zinc liquid and the formation of the inhibition layer, and led to microcracks in the galvanized coating after bending. These findings provide meaningful guidance for the selection of rust preventives in environmentally friendly descaling processes and the improvement of galvanizing quality.

关键词

热轧带钢 / 热镀锌 / 水基防锈剂 / 湿法抛丸 / 纤维刷工艺

Key words

hot-rolled strip steel / hot-dip galvanizing / water-based rust preventive / eco-pickled surface / fiber brush

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金资助项目(U21A20113)

湖北省重大科技攻关项目(2023BAA003)