焦磷酸盐体系电沉积制备高抗拉铜镍合金箔

Preparation of high-tensile-strength copper–nickel alloy foil by electrodeposition in a pyrophosphate bath

摘要

[目的]为开发高性能超薄集流体，研究了焦磷酸盐体系电沉积制备 Cu–Ni 合金箔的可行性，并探究了关键工艺参数对 Cu–Ni 合金箔性能的影响。[方法]先通过 Plackett-Burman 实验设计筛选关键影响因素，进而通过单因素实验优化 K ₄P ₂O ₇ 和 NiSO ₄·6H ₂O 浓度。通过宏观形貌观察和抗拉强度测试确定较优配方，并采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X 射线衍射仪(XRD)及拉伸测试对较优条件下制备的样品性能进行表征。[结果]电沉积Cu–Ni 合金箔的较优工艺条件为：CuSO ₄·5H ₂O 0.05 mol/L，NiSO ₄·6H ₂O 0.10 mol/L，K ₄P ₂O ₇ 0.50 mol/L，Na ₃C ₆H ₅O ₇·2H ₂O 0.10 mol/L，pH 9.0，温度 60 °C，电流密度 1.0 A/dm ²，搅拌速率 400 r/min。在该条件下所得 Cu–Ni 合金箔的厚度约 6 μm，Ni 的质量分数约为 3.28%，组织均匀致密，抗拉强度高达 796.58 MPa。[结论]采用焦磷酸盐体系可电沉积获得组织均匀的 Cu–Ni 合金箔，本研究为高性能超薄集流体的工业化制备提供了可靠的技术路径。

Abstract

[Objective] To develop high-performance ultrathin current collectors, the feasibility of preparing Cu–Ni alloy foils by electrodeposition in a pyrophosphate system was studied, and the effect of key process parameters on the properties of Cu–Ni alloy foils was studied. [Method] Key influencing factors were first screened using a Plackett-Burman experimental design, followed by single-factor experiments to optimize the concentrations of K ₄P ₂O ₇ and NiSO ₄·6H ₂O. The optimal formulation was determined through macroscopic morphology observation and tensile strength testing. The properties of the foils obtained under the optimized conditions were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and tensile testing. [Result] The conditions for electrodepositing Cu–Ni alloy foil were optimized as follows: CuSO ₄·5H ₂O 0.05 mol/L, NiSO ₄·6H ₂O 0.10 mol/L, K ₄P ₂O ₇ 0.50 mol/L, Na ₃C ₆H ₅O ₇·2H ₂O 0.10 mol/L, pH 9.0, temperature 60 °C, current density 1.0 A/dm ², and stirring speed 400 r/min. The Cu–Ni alloy foil obtained under the optimal conditions had a thickness of approximately 6 μm, a Ni mass fraction of about 3.28%, a uniform and compact structure, and a high tensile strength of 796.58 MPa. [Conclusion] A uniform Cu–Ni alloy foil can be successfully prepared by electrodeposition in a pyrophosphate bath. This study provides a reliable technical route for the industrial fabrication of high-performance ultrathin current collectors.

关键词

电沉积 / 铜镍合金 / 金属箔 / 抗拉强度 / 锂离子电池集流体

Key words

electrodeposition / copper–nickel alloy / metal foil / tensile strength / lithium-ion battery current collector

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基金资助

四川省科技计划项目(2024ZDZX0048)

四川省科技计划项目(2024ZHCG0074)

广东省科技项目(2024B1212030001)