电沉积电流密度对 Ni–Mo–Al 合金电极析氢性能的影响

Effect of electrodeposition current density on hydrogen evolution performance of Ni–Mo–Al alloy electrode

摘要

[目的]开发高效、稳定且低成本的碱性电解水析氢催化电极，以替代贵金属基催化电极。[方法]以 40 目镍网为基体，在 pH 为 4.0 ~ 4.5、温度为 50 °C 和不同电流密度(3、5、8 和 10 A/dm ²)条件下电沉积得到 Ni–Mo–Al 合金，研究了电流密度对阴极电流效率的影响，以及 Ni–Mo–Al 合金镀层表面形貌、元素组成、析氢性能和长期稳定性的影响。[结果]随电流密度升高，阴极电流效率逐渐增大，Ni–Mo–Al 合金镀层的 Mo 质量分数增大，微观表面逐渐变粗糙。在 10 A/dm ² 下制备的 Ni–Mo–Al 合金电极的析氢过电位最低，经 4 500 A/m ² 高电流密度下电解 572 h 后的电压衰减率最低，具有最优的析氢性能和长期稳定性。[结论]适当提高电沉积电流密度可有效促进 Mo 沉积，增强 Ni–Mo–Al 合金电极的催化活性与耐久性。本研究为通过电沉积工艺调控非贵金属析氢电极的性能提供了可行的技术路径。

Abstract

[Objective] To develop highly efficient, stable, and low-cost catalytic electrodes for alkaline water electrolysis to replace noble metal-based catalysts. [Method] Ni–Mo–Al alloy coating was electrodeposited on 40-mesh nickel mesh substrates from a bath at pH 4.0-4.5 and 50 °C under different current densities (3, 5, 8, and 10 A/dm ²). The effect of current density on cathodic current efficiency, as well as on the surface morphology, elemental composition, hydrogen evolution performance, and long-term stability of the Ni–Mo–Al alloy coatings were studied. [Result] As the current density increased, the cathodic current efficiency and the Mo mass fraction in Ni–Mo–Al alloy coatings gradually increased, while the microscopic surface morphology became increasingly rough. The Ni–Mo–Al alloy electrode prepared at 10 A/dm ² exhibited the lowest hydrogen evolution overpotential and the lowest voltage decay rate after 572 h of electrolysis at a high current density of 4 500 A/m ², demonstrating the optimal hydrogen evolution performance and long-term stability. [Conclusion] Properly increasing the electrodeposition current density can effectively promote Mo deposition and enhance the catalytic activity and durability of Ni–Mo–Al alloy electrodes. This study provides a feasible technical pathway for regulating the performance of non-noble metal hydrogen evolution electrodes through electrodeposition.

关键词

电解水制氢 / 电沉积 / 镍钼铝合金电极 / 析氢性能 / 电流密度

Key words

water electrolysis for hydrogen production / electrodeposition / nickel–molybdenum–aluminum alloy electrode / hydrogen evolution performance / current density

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基金资助

湖南省自然科学基金(2023JJ50323)

常德市重点研发计划(2024YF26)

常德市十大技术攻关成果转化项目(2025ZD04)