TA15和ZTA15钛合金的组织结构及其在HF−HNO ₃溶液中的腐蚀行为对比

Comparison of microstructure and corrosion behavior of TA15 and ZTA15 titanium alloys in HF−HNO ₃ mixed solution

摘要

[目的]通过研究锻造成型TA15钛合金和熔模铸造ZTA15钛合金在HF−HNO ₃溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为，以改善其酸洗质量。[方法]通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱(EDS)分析两种合金的组织结构差异，通过动电位极化曲线研究它们在HF−HNO ₃溶液中的腐蚀行为和腐蚀形貌的差异。[结果]TA15钛合金为双态组织，由等轴初生α相与片层α+β转变组织构成。ZTA15钛合金呈典型的魏氏组织，由层状α相和晶间β相组成不同取向的束集。TA15和ZTA15钛合金在HF−HNO ₃溶液中的腐蚀均遵循“腐蚀−钝化−再溶解”的过程。TA15钛合金相结构分布较为均匀，其表面粗糙度主要受等轴α相优先腐蚀的影响，酸洗后粗糙度较低；而ZTA15钛合金由于不同束集之间存在明显的腐蚀差异，且晶间α相的腐蚀速率较高，因此其酸洗后表面粗糙度高于TA15钛合金。[结论]ZTA15钛合金与TA15钛合金相结构差异大，不同束集之间存在的明显腐蚀差异导致ZTA15合金酸洗后表面粗糙度高，HF与HNO ₃的浓度比为在1∶3时有助于获得相对更佳的酸洗效果。

Abstract

[Objective] To improve the pickling quality of forged TA15 titanium alloy and investment-cast ZTA15 titanium alloy, the electrochemical corrosion behavior of the two alloys in HF−HNO ₃ solution was studied. [Method] The microstructural differences between the two alloys were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Their corrosion electrochemical behavior and morphology in HF−HNO ₃ solution were examined through potentiodynamic polarization curve measurement. [Result] TA15 titanium alloy had a bimodal microstructure consisting of equiaxed primary α phase and lamellar α + transformed β phases. ZTA15 titanium alloy displayed a typical Widmannstatten structure, composed of lamellar α phase and intergranular β phase forming bundles with different orientations. The corrosion of both TA15 and ZTA15 titanium alloys in HF−HNO ₃ solution follows a “corrosion−passivation−redissolution” process. TA15 alloy exhibited a relatively uniform phase distribution, with its surface roughness mainly affected by preferential corrosion of the equiaxed α phase, resulting in lower roughness after pickling. However, ZTA15 titanium alloy showed significant corrosion differences between different bundles, along with a higher corrosion rate of intergranular α phase, leading to higher surface roughness after pickling as compared with TA15 titanium alloy. [Conclusion] The significant differences in the phase structure between ZTA15 alloy and TA15 alloys, particularly the variable corrosion behavior among bundles, contribute to the higher surface roughness of ZTA15 alloy after pickling. A concentration ratio of HF to HNO ₃ approximately 1:3 is beneficial for achieving relatively better pickling results.

关键词

钛合金 / 组织结构 / 氢氟酸 / 硝酸 / 腐蚀 / 表面粗糙度

Key words

titanium alloy / microstructure / hydrofluoric acid / nitric acid / corrosion / surface roughness

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金(52261019)