一例 30CrMnSiA 材质标准紧固件表面腐蚀原因分析

Analysis of surface corrosion causes for 30CrMnSiA standard fasteners: a case study

摘要

[目的]3 种 30CrMnSiA 材质标准紧固件在安装后表面发生疑似腐蚀的现象，为保证质量安全，亟需明确其成因。[方法]对故障六角螺栓、六角螺母及游动托板螺母异常表面进行宏、微观形貌表征与化学成分分析，并通过模拟试验考察了多种介质(包括自来水、84 消毒液、氯化钠溶液、季铵盐消毒液和盐酸)对镀锌、镀镉零件表面的腐蚀作用。[结果]送试的 3 种零件表面异常区域的损伤模式均为腐蚀。表面经镀锌钝化处理的六角螺栓及六角螺母上的腐蚀产物为锌的氧化物，表面经镀镉钝化的游动托板螺母上的腐蚀产物为镉的氧化物，且腐蚀产物中氯元素含量较高，与大气腐蚀产物的成分特征存在明显差别。根据模拟试验结果推测，导致故障件发生腐蚀的应是氯含量较高的介质。[结论]应重点关注并控制使用环境中氯离子的来源与浓度。

Abstract

[Objective] It is urgent to clarify the cause of suspected corrosion on the surfaces of three types of 30CrMnSiA standard fasteners after installation to ensure quality and safety. [Method] Macro- and micro- morphological characterization and chemical composition analysis were conducted on the abnormal surfaces of the faulty hex bolts, hex nuts, and floating anchor nuts. Simulation tests were carried out to verify the corrosive phenomena on zinc-plated and cadmium-plated components under exposure to various media, including tap water, 84 disinfectant, sodium chloride solution, quaternary ammonium salt disinfectant, and hydrochloric acid. [Result] The abnormal surface areas of the three types of components were all identified as corrosion. The corrosion products on the zinc-plated and passivated hex bolts and hex nuts were zinc oxides, while those on the cadmium-plated and passivated floating anchor nuts were cadmium oxides. The corrosion products exhibited high chlorine content, which differed significantly from the typical composition of atmospheric corrosion products. Based on the simulation test results, it is inferred that the corrosion of the faulty components was caused by a medium with a high chlorine content. [Conclusion] Special attention should be paid to identifying and controlling the source and concentration of chloride ions in the service environment.

关键词

标准紧固件 / 合金钢 / 锌 / 镉 / 电镀 / 钝化 / 腐蚀 / 氯元素

Key words

standard fastener / alloy steel / zinc / cadmium / electroplating / passivation / corrosion / chlorine

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