利拉鲁肽联合阿仑膦酸钠治疗2型糖尿病合并骨质疏松症的效果

杨明明 ,  张友生 ,  姚媛莉 ,  王惠丽 ,  周颖 ,  朱慧静

西北药学杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (6) : 212 -216.

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西北药学杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (6) : 212 -216. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2407.2024.06.036
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利拉鲁肽联合阿仑膦酸钠治疗2型糖尿病合并骨质疏松症的效果

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Effect of liraglutide combined with alendronate sodium on type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with osteoporosis

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摘要

目的 观察利拉鲁肽联合阿仑膦酸钠对2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)合并骨质疏松症(osteoporosis,OP)患者血糖水平和骨代谢指标的影响。 方法 以T2DM合并OP患者80例作为研究对象,用随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,每组40例。对照组患者给予阿仑膦酸钠治疗,研究组在对照组治疗的基础上加用利拉鲁肽。比较2组的临床疗效、治疗前后的血糖水平[空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 hours postprandial plasma glucose,2 hPG)和糖化血红蛋白(glycated hemoglobin,HbA1c)]、骨代谢指标[骨钙素(bone gla protein,BGP)、骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(bone-specific alkaline phosphatase,BAP)、血清Ⅰ型胶原交联C末端肽(serum collagen type-Ⅰ crosslinked C-peptide,s-CTX)、Ⅰ型前胶原氨基端肽原(type Ⅰ procollagen amino terminal peptidogen,PINP)]、骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)及不良反应的发生情况。 结果 治疗后,研究组的总有效率(92.50%)高于对照组(75.00%),P0.05。2组患者的FBG、2 hPG、HbA1c和s-CTX水平均较治疗前降低,且研究组均低于对照组(P0.05)。2组患者的BGP、BAP、PINP水平和前臂BMD较治疗前均升高,且研究组高于对照组(P0.05)。治疗期间2组不良反应总发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。 结论 利拉鲁肽联合阿仑膦酸钠治疗T2DM合并OP的疗效确切,能有效改善患者的血糖与骨代谢指标水平。

Abstract

Objective To observe the effect of liraglutide combined with alendronate sodium on blood glucose level and bone metabolism indicators in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and osteoporosis (OP) . Methods A total of 80 patients with T2DM and OP were divided into a study group and a control group by random number table method, with 40 patients in each group. The patients in the control group were treated with alendronate sodium, while the patients in the study group were treated with liraglutide combined with alendronate sodium. The 2 groups were compared in terms of clinical efficacy, blood glucose level [fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose (2 hPG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)] , bone metabolism indicators [bone gla protein (BGP) , bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) , serum collagen type-I crosslinked C-peptide (s-CTX) and type Ⅰ procollagen amino terminal peptidogen (PINP)] , bone mineral density (BMD) , and the incidence of adverse reactions. Results The total clinical response rate in the study group after treatment (92.50%) was higher than that in the control group (75.00%) , P0.05. After treatment, the levels of FBG, 2 hPG, HbA1c and s-CTX in the 2 groups decreased, and the levels in the study group were lower than those in the control group (P0.05). After treatment, the levels of BGP, BAP and PINP, BMD of forearm in the 2 groups increased. Above indicators in the study group were higher than those in the control group (P0.05) . There was no significant difference in the total incidence of adverse reactions between the 2 groups (P0.05) . Conclusion Liraglutide combined with alendronate sodium is effective in the treatment of T2DM complicated with OP. The combined treatment can effectively improve blood glucose and bone metabolism,with high safety.

关键词

利拉鲁肽 / 阿仑膦酸钠 / 2型糖尿病(T2DM) / 骨质疏松症(OP) / 血糖 / 骨代谢

Key words

liraglutide / alendronate sodium / type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) / osteoporosis (OP) / blood glucose / bone metabolism

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杨明明,张友生,姚媛莉,王惠丽,周颖,朱慧静. 利拉鲁肽联合阿仑膦酸钠治疗2型糖尿病合并骨质疏松症的效果[J]. 西北药学杂志, 2024, 39(6): 212-216 DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2407.2024.06.036

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据统计,2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者中合并骨质疏松症(osteoporosis,OP)者占20%以上1-2。T2DM合并OP为全身性疾病,患者由于胰岛素缺乏导致骨代谢异常,出现骨骼显微结构受损、骨量降低,同时伴随骨骼脆性加大,患者常表现为身体疼痛、活动受限3-4。阿仑膦酸钠能够降低破骨细胞活性,在促进骨生成的同时抑制骨吸收,从而降低骨折的发生风险5。利拉鲁肽能通过诱导β细胞的增殖与分化,改善患者的血糖水平,同时还能促进成骨细胞增加,改善骨代谢6。本研究应用利拉鲁肽联合阿仑膦酸钠治疗T2DM合并OP,探究其对患者血糖水平、骨代谢的改善作用。

1 一般资料

选取T2DM合并OP患者80例作为研究对象。用随机数字表法分为研究组与对照组,每组40例。对照组:男18例,女22例;年龄为47~68岁,平均(61.35±4.76) 岁;T2DM病程为1~18年,平均(6.44±2.08) 年;BMI为22.07~29.12 kg·m-2,平均(25.74±1.48) kg·m-2。研究组:男20例,女20例;年龄为45~69岁,平均(62.13±5.06) 岁;T2DM病程为1~20年,平均(6.71±2.45) 年;BMI为22.28~29.80 kg·m-2,平均(26.03±1.55) kg·m-2。2组各项基线资料比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),具有可比性。本研究经医院伦理委员会审核、批准。

纳入标准:①满足T2DM与OP的诊断标准7-8,经临床确诊为T2DM合并OP;②年龄≥18岁;③近期未接受其他治疗;④患者对治疗方案充分了解后签署同意书。

排除标准:①伴有心、肝、肾等重要脏器功能异常;②1型糖尿病;③伴有甲状腺、性腺等其他影响骨代谢的疾病;④对利拉鲁肽或阿仑膦酸钠过敏。

2 方法

2.1 治疗方法

2组患者均接受常规饮食管理、运动治疗及降血糖治疗。口服二甲双胍(规格为0.5 g,广东赛康制药厂有限公司),每次0.5 g,每日3次;钙尔奇(规格为600 mg,惠氏制药有限公司),每次600 mg,每日1次。

在以上常规治疗的基础上,对照组患者口服阿仑膦酸钠(规格为10 mg,云南裕丰药业有限公司),于清晨空腹用温开水送服,每次70 mg,每周1次,服药后30 min内禁食并取坐位或站立位。

研究组在对照组治疗的基础上加用利拉鲁肽。皮下注射利拉鲁肽(规格为18 mg,丹麦诺和诺德公司),每次0.6 mg,每日1次。

2组患者均连续治疗6个月。

2.2 观察指标

2.2.1 血糖

于治疗前后,测定2组患者的空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 hours postprandial plasma glucose,2 hPG)和糖化血红蛋白(glycated hemoglobin,HbA1c)水平。

2.2.2 骨代谢指标

于治疗前后,抽取2组患者的空腹静脉血5 mL,在室温下静置15 min后,以3 500 r·min-1离心,取上清液备用。用酶联免疫吸附试验检测骨钙素(bone gla protein,BGP)、骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(bone-specific alkaline phosphatase,BAP)、血清Ⅰ型胶原交联C末端肽(serum collagen type-Ⅰ crosslinked C-peptide,s-CTX)和Ⅰ型前胶原氨基端肽原(type Ⅰ procollagen amino terminal peptidogen,PINP)的水平。

2.2.3 骨密度

于治疗前后,检测2组患者前臂的骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)。

2.2.4 不良反应

统计治疗期间2组患者不良反应的发生情况,包括恶心、腹泻、呕吐等胃肠道反应。

2.2.5 疗效

治疗6个月后,评估2组患者的临床疗效9。显效:患者的临床症状完全消失,血糖恢复正常,骨密度明显改善;有效:患者的临床症状缓解,血糖及骨密度有所改善,但未达到正常水平;无效:患者的临床症状、血糖及骨密度无明显变化。

2.3 统计学方法

使用SPSS 22.0软件对数据进行处理。满足正态分布的计量资料以(x¯±s)表示,组间比较采用独立样本t检验,组内比较采用配对t检验;计数资料以“例(%)”表示,比较采用χ2检验。P0.05为差异有统计学意义。

3 结果

3.1 临床疗效的比较

治疗后,研究组的总有效率为92.50%,高于对照组的75.00%(P0.05)。见表1

3.2 血糖水平的比较

治疗后,2组患者的FBG、2 hPG和HbA1c水平均降低,且研究组均低于对照组(P0.05)。见表2

3.3 骨代谢指标的比较

治疗后,2组患者的BGP、BAP和PINP水平均升高,且研究组均高于对照组(P0.05);s-CTX水平降低,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。见表3

3.4 BMD的比较

治疗后,2组患者的前臂BMD均增加,且研究组高于对照组(P0.05)。见表4

3.5 不良反应发生情况的比较

治疗期间,2组患者的不良反应总发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。见表5

4 讨论

相关研究10-11表明,T2DM患者机体高血糖水平能在正向调节破骨细胞的同时,负向调节成骨细胞,随着间充质干细胞集聚于患者骨髓脂肪,并促进一系列脂肪化作用,患者骨量会逐渐降低,最终诱发OP。另外,T2DM患者由于胰岛素不足、糖脂代谢异常,易出现代谢障碍及骨组织结构破坏12。目前,临床上常采用降糖、补钙等药物治疗T2DM合并OP患者,但临床疗效欠佳。利拉鲁肽与内源性高血糖素样肽-1具有97%同源序列,在控制血糖方面具有较大的优势13-14

本研究结果显示,研究组的总有效率为92.50%,高于对照组的75.00%,治疗后2组患者的FBG、2 hPG和HbA1c水平均降低,且研究组均低于对照组,表明利拉鲁肽联合阿仑膦酸钠治疗T2DM合并OP疗效确切,能有效改善患者的血糖水平。李丽萍等15研究发现,利拉鲁肽能调节T2DM合并OP患者的血糖水平,与本研究的结果一致。主要原因为:利拉鲁肽与胰岛β细胞受体结合,促进机体胰岛素的分泌与表达,从而对食欲与胃排空等产生抑制作用,有利于控制患者的体质量与血糖水平,此外利拉鲁肽对机体肝糖输出发挥一定的抑制作用,能提高机体对葡萄糖的利用率与对胰岛素的敏感度16。BGP来源于成骨细胞与成牙细胞,能有效反映机体成骨细胞活性状态及骨转换水平;BAP是骨形成的主要标志物,其水平与成骨细胞活化情况密切相关;s-CTX表达水平与机体骨质转换率呈正相关;PINP水平则与骨转化活跃程度呈正相关17-18

本研究结果显示,治疗后2组患者的BGP、BAP、PINP水平和前臂BMD均升高,且研究组均高于对照组;s-CTX水平下降,且研究组低于对照组,表明利拉鲁肽联合阿仑膦酸钠治疗能改善T2DM合并OP患者的骨代谢指标水平,增加BMD,这可能与利拉鲁肽、阿仑膦酸钠的药理协同机制相关。王晓晨等19通过动物实验证实利拉鲁肽通过活化转录激活因子3信号通路调节骨代谢过程。另外,利拉鲁肽通过调控成骨细胞的活性,在促进骨形成的同时,抑制骨吸收,改善机体骨代谢情况。阿仑膦酸钠则能促进成骨细胞中抑制因子的分泌与表达,从而抑制骨吸收信号,有助于增高机体BMD20。利拉鲁肽、阿仑膦酸钠联合治疗能互为补充,发挥协同作用,使研究组患者的骨代谢、BMD得到改善。本研究结果显示,治疗期间2组患者不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义,且患者症状轻微可耐受,对治疗结果无影响,表明利拉鲁肽联合阿仑膦酸钠治疗T2DM合并OP患者的不良反应少,安全性较高。本研究的局限性在于样本量较小且未对患者进行远期随访,相关结论有待进一步论证。

综上所述,利拉鲁肽联合阿仑膦酸钠治疗T2DM合并OP疗效确切,能有效改善患者的血糖与骨代谢指标水平。

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基金资助

菏泽市立医院科技发展计划项目(2019YN37)

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