右美托咪定在老年胸腔镜手术中的镇静效果及对患者术后认知功能的影响

郎捷 ,  刘泽宇 ,  李文奇

西北药学杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (6) : 223 -227.

PDF (444KB)
西北药学杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (6) : 223 -227. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2407.2024.06.038
论著

右美托咪定在老年胸腔镜手术中的镇静效果及对患者术后认知功能的影响

作者信息 +

Sedative effect of dexmedetomidine on elderly thoracoscopic surgery and its influences on postoperative cognitive function

Author information +
文章历史 +
PDF (454K)

摘要

目的 探究右美托咪定(dexmedetomidine,Dex)在老年胸腔镜手术中的效果及对患者术后认知功能的影响。 方法 选择行胸腔镜手术的老年患者100例作为研究对象,用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组50例。观察组在脑电双频谱指数(bispectral index,BIS)监测下给予右美托咪定,对照组用氯化钠溶液。观察2组手术时间、失血量、拔管时间及术毕苏醒时间、镇静评分、术后疼痛[视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)]、睡眠质量,比较2组术前及术后1、3 d的认知功能[简易精神状态检查表(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)],比较2组术前及术后1 d的血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron-specific enolase,NSE)、中枢神经特异蛋白(S100 calcium binding protein β,S100β)水平,记录术后1 d 2组不良反应的发生情况。 结果 2组患者的手术时间及失血量比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组的拔管时间及术毕苏醒时间均短于对照组(P0.05);观察组的术后VAS、睡眠质量评分均低于对照组(P0.05),镇静评分高于对照组(P0.05);术后1、3 d,观察组的MMSE评分均高于对照组(P0.05);术后1 d,观察组的S100β、NSE水平均低于对照组(P0.05);术后1 d,观察组的不良反应发生率(24.00%)低于对照组(38.00%),P0.05。 结论 Dex在老年胸腔镜手术中具有较好的镇静效果,对患者术后认知功能的影响较小,且能缩短拔管时间及术毕苏醒时间,患者的术后疼痛较轻,睡眠质量较高,能降低术后S100β、NSE水平,且不良反应较少。

Abstract

Objective To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine (Dex) on elderly thoracoscopic surgery and its effect on postoperative cognitive function. Methods A total of 100 elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery were enrolled. According to random number table method, they were divided into an observation group and a control group, 50 cases in each group. The observation group was treated with Dex under bispectral index (BIS) monitoring, while the control group was treated with sodium chloride solution. The operation time, blood loss, extubation time, postoperative awaking time, the scores of sedation, postoperative pain [visual analogue scale (VAS)] and sleep quality in both groups were observed. The cognitive function [mini-mental state examination (MMSE)] before surgery and on the 1 day and 3 days after surgery, the levels of serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100 calcium binding protein β (S100β) before surgery and on the 1 day after surgery were compared between the 2 groups. The occurrence of adverse reactions in the 2 groups on the 1 day after surgery was recorded. Results There was no significant difference in operation time or blood loss between the 2 groups (P0.05). The extubation time and postoperative awaking time in observation group were shorter than those in control group (P0.05). The scores of postoperative VAS and sleep quality in the observation group were lower than those in control group (P0.05), while the sedation score was higher than that in the control group (P0.05). On the 1 day and 3 days after surgery, MMSE scores in observation group were higher than those in control group (P0.05). On the 1 day or after surgery, the levels of S100β and NSE were lower in the observation group than in the control group (P0.05). On the 1 day after surgery, the incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was lower than that in control group (24.00% vs. 38.00%), P0.05. Conclusion The sedative effect of Dex is good on elderly thoracoscopic surgery, with few effects on postoperative cognitive function. It can also shorten extubation time and postoperative awaking time, and reduce the levels of S100β and NSE, with milder postoperative pain, higher sleep quality and few adverse reactions.

关键词

右美托咪定 / BIS监测 / 胸腔镜手术 / 镇静效果 / 认知功能

Key words

dexmedetomidine / BIS monitoring / thoracoscopic surgery / sedative effect / cognitive function

引用本文

引用格式 ▾
郎捷,刘泽宇,李文奇. 右美托咪定在老年胸腔镜手术中的镇静效果及对患者术后认知功能的影响[J]. 西北药学杂志, 2024, 39(6): 223-227 DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2407.2024.06.038

登录浏览全文

4963

注册一个新账户 忘记密码

胸腔镜下肺叶切除术是治疗胸部疾病的常用手段,患者术后创伤小,恢复快1。虽然胸腔镜手术创伤较小,但仍会因筋膜、肋骨或神经损伤等导致术后疼痛,影响患者的术后恢复,同时手术创伤会促使机体产生一些激素或细胞因子,进而对老年患者的脑功能造成一定损伤,可能会导致术后认知功能障碍(postoperative cognitive dysfunction,POCD)2。有研究表明,右美托咪啶(dexmedetomidine,Dex)能减少患者POCD的发生3。Dex是良好的麻醉辅助药物,能够较快发挥镇痛、镇静、抗焦虑和阻滞交感神经等作用,且不会引起呼吸抑制4。基于此,本研究探究(bispectral index,BIS)监测下Dex在老年胸腔镜手术中的镇静效果,及其对患者术后认知功能的影响。

1 一般资料

选取行胸腔镜下肺叶切除术的老年患者100例作为研究对象,用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组50例。2组患者的一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),具有可比性,见表1。本研究经医院医学伦理委员会审核、批准。

纳入标准:①患者年龄≥65岁;②ASA为Ⅰ~Ⅱ级;③患者及其家属均知情并同意本研究。

排除标准:①伴有恶性肿瘤者;②伴有严重心、肝、肾疾病者;③伴有精神疾病者;④存在语言及视听障碍者;⑤存在长期服用镇痛药物史者;⑥存在凝血功能异常者。

2 方法

2.1 治疗方法

2组患者均在全身麻醉下由同一术者进行手术,观察组在术前10 min给予Dex,质量浓度为0.5 μg·mL-1,静脉输注15 min。进行麻醉诱导后,插入双腔气管插管,之后以同样的速率继续泵注Dex。接麻醉机控制呼吸,同时术中常规监测有创动脉血压、脉搏血氧饱和度、心率等指标。用异丙酚、瑞芬太尼、阿曲库铵维持麻醉,并通过控制异丙酚输注速率使术中BIS值维持在40~60,术前30 min停用Dex。对照组在术前10 min给予90 g·L-1氯化钠溶液静脉输注15 min,术中输注与观察组Dex等量的90 g·L-1氯化钠溶液,其他麻醉及手术方式均与观察组相同。

2.2 观察指标

2.2.1 围手术期间观察指标

记录2组患者的手术时间、失血量、拔管时间、术毕苏醒时间。

2.2.2 镇静评分

记录患者的Ramsay镇静评分(Ramsay sedation scale,RSS)5。评分标准:1分,患者清醒,激动不安、烦躁;2分,患者清醒,平静合作;3分,患者嗜睡,对医务人员的指令有反应;4分,患者处于睡眠状态,对呼喊反应活跃;5分,患者深度入睡,对呼喊反应迟钝;6分,患者处于深睡状态。

2.2.3 疼痛情况

拔管后2 h,用视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)6评估患者的疼痛程度,分值范围为0~10分,分值越高表示疼痛越剧烈。

2.2.4 睡眠质量的比较

术后当晚,用睡眠质量评分7评估患者的睡眠质量,分数越低表示睡眠质量越好。

2.2.5 认知功能

术前及术后1、3 d,用简易精神状态量表(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)8评估患者的认知功能,总分为30分,MMSE得分27分为正常。

2.2.6 血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron-specific enolase,NSE)、中枢神经特异蛋白(S100 calcium binding protein β,S100β)水平

术前及术后1 d,用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测S100β及NSE的水平。

2.2.7 不良反应

记录2组患者术后1 d不良反应的发生情况。

2.3 统计学方法

采用SPSS 20.0软件对数据进行处理。计量资料以(x¯±s)表示,比较用t检验;计数资料用“例(%)”表示,比较用χ2检验。P0.05为差异有统计学意义。

3 结果

3.1 围手术期间观察指标的比较

2组患者的手术时间及失血量比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),观察组的拔管时间、术毕苏醒时间均明显短于对照组(P0.05)。见表2

3.2 镇静评分、VAS、睡眠质量的比较

观察组的术后VAS、睡眠质量评分均低于对照组(P0.05),镇静评分高于对照组(P0.05)。见表3

3.3 MMSE评分的比较

术后1、3 d,观察组的MMSE评分均高于对照组(P0.05)。见表4

3.4 血清S100β、NSE水平的比较

术后1 d,2组患者的S100β、NSE水平均高于术前(P0.05),且观察组均低于对照组(P0.05)。见表5

3.5 不良反应发生情况的比较

术后1 d,观察组的不良反应发生率为24.00%,低于对照组(38.00%),P0.05。见表6

4 讨论

肺叶切除是外科治疗原发性肺癌的常用术式,能准确切除病变肺叶,减少对周围正常组织的损伤,且术后恢复快,可减轻患者疼痛并缩短住院时间。但胸腔镜下肺叶切除术对于老年患者来说,手术创伤、麻醉等仍会对其造成一定影响,甚至导致POCD的发生9。研究发现,胸外科非心脏手术中,POCD的发病率可达41.4%10。研究表明,POCD的发生与麻醉药物的使用存在一定关系,故如何选择麻醉用药是控制POCD发病率的关键11。Dex是新兴的镇静镇痛药物,属于异吡唑类复合物,静脉滴注后的半衰期约为6 min,可以抑制交感神经12。BIS作为脑电图定量分析指标,能够准确反映大脑的神经生理改变,其数值是反映麻醉深度的金标准13。因此,本文在BIS监测下,探究Dex在老年胸腔镜手术中的镇静效果及对患者术后认知功能的影响。

本研究中,观察组的拔管时间及术毕苏醒时间均短于对照组,推测这可能是由于应用Dex后,患者的术后疼痛感减轻,且其减轻了芬太尼致呛咳的作用14。老年患者胸腔镜手术后常出现剧烈疼痛,疼痛对其术后恢复、术后并发症的发生等均有一定的影响15。同时还有研究表明,术后患者易出现睡眠障碍,而睡眠质量差与术后谵妄的发生相关16。本研究发现,观察组的术后VAS、睡眠质量评分均低于对照组,镇静评分高于对照组,表明在BIS监测下应用Dex在老年胸腔镜手术中具有较好的镇静效果,患者的术后疼痛较轻,睡眠质量较好。Dex通过作用于脊髓中的肾上腺素受体发挥镇痛作用,并防止中枢敏化,减轻应激反应,同时其具有促进睡眠的作用,因此能减少患者苏醒期躁动的发生,并减轻患者的术后疼痛,提高睡眠质量17

POCD的具体发病原因尚不清楚,可能与炎性因子、神经递质等的异常相关18。本研究发现,术后1、3 d,观察组的MMSE评分均高于对照组,表明在BIS监测下应用Dex对行胸腔镜手术老年患者术后认知功能的影响较低,与文献报道相符17。有研究发现,Dex能减少躁动的发生,并使患者保持良好的定向能力和合作性19。S100β是脑的特异性蛋白,具有营养神经的作用,NSE是一种神经系统特异性蛋白,存在于神经元和神经内分泌细胞的细胞质内,两者可反映神经胶质细胞和神经细胞的损伤程度20。本研究中,术后1 d,2组患者的S100β、NSE水平均高于术前,但观察组均低于对照组,表明在BIS监测下使用Dex对行老年胸腔镜手术患者术后S100β、NSE水平的影响较小。这可能与Dex通过减少机体神经递质因子的分泌,使术后认知功能下降程度较轻有关。同时,术后1 d,观察组的不良反应发生率为24.00%,低于对照组的38.00%,表明由Dex导致的不良反应较少。

综上所述,Dex在老年胸腔镜手术中具有较好的镇静效果,对患者术后认知功能的影响较小,且能缩短拔管时间及术毕苏醒时间,患者的术后疼痛较轻,睡眠质量较高,能降低术后S100β、NSE水平,且不良反应较少。

参考文献

[1]

段忠心,吴小慧,王佳恒,.经皮穴位电刺激辅助麻醉对老年胸腔镜手术患者疼痛及快速康复的影响‍[J].中华老年医学杂志202039(3):323-327.

[2]

DUAN ZhongxinWU XiaohuiWANG Jiahenget al. Effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation-assisted anesthesia on pain and rapid recovery in elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery‍[J]. Chinese Journal of Geriatrics202039(3):323-327.

[3]

李凤鸣,吴书平,陈东栋,.不同泵入方式右美托咪定辅助椎管内麻醉联合椎旁阻滞对行全髋置换术老年患者的影响[J].中国临床实用医学202011(2):48-50.

[4]

LI FengmingWU ShupingCHEN Dongdonget al. The effect of different pumping methods of dexmedetomidine assisted spinal anesthesia combined with paraspinal block on elderly patients undergoing total hip replacement surgery[J].China Clinical Practical Medicine202011(2):48-50.

[5]

王雁,邵建林,杨伟.不同剂量右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因胸椎旁神经阻滞在非插管胸腔镜手术中的比较[J].临床麻醉学杂志201935(4):323-326.

[6]

WANG YanSHAO JianlinYANG Wei.Comparison of different doses of dexmedetomidine combined with ropivacaine for thoracic paravertebral nerve block in non intubated thoracoscopic surgery‍[J]. Journal of Clinical Anesthesiology201935(4):323-326.

[7]

马纪,王海云,华伟,.不同剂量右美托咪定对轻度阻塞性通气功能障碍老年患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术中肺功能的影响‍[J].中华麻醉学杂志201939(11):1352-1356.

[8]

MA JiWANG HaiyunHUA Weiet al. Effect of different doses of dexmedetomidine on lung injury during laparoscopic gallbladder surgery in elderly patients with mild obstructive ventilation dysfunction‍[J].Chinese Journal of Anesthesiology201939(11):1352-1356.

[9]

郄晓娟,郑文婧,郭洪艳,.右美托咪定辅助老年患者镇静时脑电双频指数与Ramsay镇静评分的相关性[J].中国新药与临床杂志201736(5):283-287.

[10]

XI XiaojuanZHENG WenjingGUO Hongyanet al. Correlation between bispectral index and Ramsay sedation score in elderly patients during sedation with dexmedetomidine‍[J].Chinese Journal of New Drugs and Clinical Remedies201736(5):283-287.

[11]

蒋明浩,王云姣,郭曲练.老年患者腰椎术后应用右美托咪定对舒芬太尼术后镇痛的影响[J].中国现代医学杂志201727(18):106-109.

[12]

JIANG MinghaoWANG YunjiaoGUO Qulian.Effect of dexmedetomidine on postoperative analgesia of Sufentanil in elderly patients after lumbar spine surgery‍[J].China Journal of Modern Medicine201727(18):106-109.

[13]

RITMALA-CASTREN MLAKANMAA R LVIRTANEN Iet al. Evaluating adult patients’ sleep:An integrative literature review in critical care[J].Scand J Caring Sci201428(3):435-448.

[14]

梁敏运,屠佳慧.右美托咪定对老年全身麻醉患者术后苏醒期躁动及术后认知功能的影响‍[J].中国老年学杂志201838(14):3403-3405.

[15]

LIANG MinyunTU Jiahui.The effect of dexmedetomidine on postoperative agitation and cognitive function in elderly patients undergoing general anesthesia during the recovery period[J]. Chinese Journal of Gerontology201838(14):3403-3405.

[16]

张盼盼,刘世江,朱敬明,.右美托咪定不同给药途径对胸腔镜肺叶切除术后肋间神经阻滞的影响[J].临床麻醉学杂志201935(5):428-431.

[17]

ZHANG PanpanLIU ShijiangZHU Jingminget al. Effect of different administration routes of dexmedetomidine in intercostal nerve block after thoracoscopic lobectomy‍[J]. Journal of Clinical Anesthesiology201935(5):428-431.

[18]

吴城,江能,张军,.右美托咪啶对无线镇痛管理下老年胸腔镜患者术后镇痛及认知功能的影响[J].中国内镜杂志202026(1):51-55.

[19]

WU ChengJIANG NengZHANG Junet al. Impact of dexmedetomidine on postoperative analgesia and cognitive function in elderly patients underwent thoracoscopic surgery under wireless patient controlled-analgesia[J]. China Journal of Endoscopy202026(1):51-55.

[20]

LI HWU TTANG Let al.Association of global DNA hypomethylation with postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients undergoing hip surgery‍[J].Acta Anaesthesiol Scand201964(3):354-360.

[21]

刘梦虓,庞倩芸,沈茜,.右美托咪定联合利多卡因预处理对胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者围术期心脏不良事件的影响[J].重庆医科大学学报202045(10):1454-1458.

[22]

LIU MengxiaoPANG QianyunSHEN Qianet al.Effect of dexmedetomidine combined with lidocaine pretreatment on perioperative cardiac events in patients undergoing thoracoscopic lung cancer surgery[J]. Journal of Chongqing Medical University202045(10):1454-1458.

[23]

李雪辉.颅脑创伤患者麻醉诱导前使用右美托咪定的镇静及BIS影响分析‍[J].中国实验诊断学201923(8):1351-1353.

[24]

LI Xuehui.Analysis of sedation and BIS effects of dexmedetomidine before anesthesia induction in patients with traumatic brain injury‍[J]. Chinese Journal of Laboratory Diagnosis201923(8):1351-1353.

[25]

胡晓云,赵斌江,刘鹏飞,.右美托咪定复合地佐辛术后镇痛对胸腔镜肺叶切除术患者睡眠质量及炎性反应的影响[J].实用医学杂志201935(2):299-302.

[26]

HU XiaoyunZHAO BinjiangLIU Pengfeiet al. Effects of dexmedetomidine combined with dezocine on sleep quality and inflammatory response in patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy‍[J].The Journal of Practical Medicine201935(2):299-302.

[27]

魏鸿,刘光喜,张传峰,.右美托咪定复合羟考酮在胸腔镜下肺癌根治术患者术后自控静脉镇痛中的应用[J].山东医药201959(35):75-78.

[28]

WEI HongLIU GuangxiZHANG Chuanfenget al. Application of dexmedetomidine combined with hydrocodone in postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia for patients undergoing thoracoscopic radical resection of lung cancer[J]. Shandong Medical Journal201959(35):75-78.

[29]

石伟,徐明禹,罗耀文,.右美托咪定抑制老年患者胸腔镜辅助肺叶切除术拔管期应激反应的效果观察[J].广东医学201940(6):791-794.

[30]

SHI WeiXU MingyuLUO Yaowenet al.The inhibitory effect of dexmedetomidine on stress response during extubation after video-assisted lobectomy in elderly patients‍[J].Guangdong Medical Journal201940(6):791-794.

[31]

秦茂钧,张志军.右美托咪定辅助腰硬阻滞麻醉对股骨粗隆间骨折患者术后认知功能的影响‍[J].西北药学杂志202035(3):426-430.

[32]

QIN MaojunZHANG Zhijun.Effect of dexmedetomidine-assisted lumbar block anesthesia on postoperative cognitive function in patients with intertrochanteric fractures‍[J].Northwest Pharmaceutical Journal202035(3):426-430.

[33]

WU L PKANG W Q.Effect of dexmedetomidine for sedation and cognitive function in patients with preoperative anxiety undergoing carotid artery stenting[J]. J Int Med Res202048(9):300060520938959.

[34]

BARKHUIZEN MABELLA RVLES J S Het al.Antenatal and perioperative mechanisms of global neurological injury in congenital heart disease‍[J]. Pediatr Cardiol202142(1):1-18.

[35]

支燕,赵满意,顾羊林.右美托咪定联合瑞芬太尼对髋关节置换术老年患者S-100β和高迁移率族蛋白B1的影响[J].西北药学杂志201934(6):806-810.

[36]

ZHI YanZHAO ManyiGU Yanglin.Effect of dexmetomidine combined with remifentanil on serum S-100β and progrss in high mobility group box-1 levels in hip arthroplasty elderly patients under general anesthesia‍[J].Northwest Pharmaceutical Journal201934(6):806-810.

基金资助

河北省卫生和计划生育委员会科研基金项目(201836000Y020)

AI Summary AI Mindmap
PDF (444KB)

0

访问

0

被引

详细

导航
相关文章

AI思维导图

/