纳米材料在核酸药物递送中应用的进展
Progress on the application of nanomaterials in nucleic acid drug delivery
随着生物信息学技术和遗传学的发展,使用基因递送技术来识别、诊断和治疗疾病成为可能。目前开发并在体外和体内试验了几种基于核酸药剂的治疗体系,包括裸核酸基础治疗、靶向微小核糖核酸治疗、溶酶体病毒疗法、自杀基因治疗、细胞介导的基因治疗和基于规律成簇的间隔短回文重复序列关联蛋白9(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9,CRISPR/Cas9)的治疗系统。近年来,核酸药剂在许多治疗领域针对各种特定细胞群体取得了一定突破。目前,开发安全、有效的功能载体是提高基因治疗中核酸药物输送的热点。为此,该文综述了近年来各种核酸药剂在基因治疗方面的研究进展,并且涵盖了非病毒载体研究和制剂方面的最新研究进展、面临的挑战以及未来的发展方向。
The integration of bioinformatics technology and genetic science has revolutionized the field of gene delivery, making it possible to use nucleic acid-based therapies for the identification, diagnosis, and treatment of various diseases. Over the past few decades, numerous therapeutic systems based on nucleic acid agents have been developed and tested both in vitro and in vivo. These include naked nucleic acid-based therapies, microRNAs-targeted therapies, lysosomal viral therapies, suicide gene therapies, cell-mediated gene therapies, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 (CRISPR/Cas9)-based therapeutic systems. In recent years, nucleic acid agents have achieved significant breakthroughs in multiple therapeutic areas, targeting diverse specific cell populations. Currently, the development of safe and effective functional vectors is a major focus to enhance the delivery of nucleic acid agents in gene therapy. To this end, this review provides an overview of the research progress of various nucleic acid agents in gene therapy in recent years, covering recent advances, challenges, and future perspectives in non-viral vector research and formulation.
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