3种铁剂治疗妊娠中期缺铁性贫血的费效分析及对妊娠结局和新生儿铁储备的影响
Cost-effectiveness analysis of 3 iron supplements for iron deficiency anemia in mid-pregnancy and their effects on pregnancy outcomes and neonatal iron reserves
目的 分析3种铁剂治疗妊娠中期缺铁性贫血(iron deficiency anemia, IDA)的费效及对妊娠结局和新生儿铁储备的影响。 方法 前瞻性纳入2021年9月至2023年12月于南京医科大学附属妇产医院产检的IDA孕妇306例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其分为A、B、C组,每组102例。所有孕妇均接受知识宣讲和科学饮食指导,A组给予琥珀酸亚铁缓释片(规格为0.2 g·片-1),每次1片,每日2片(铁140 mg·d-1);B组给予多糖铁复合物胶囊(规格为0.15 g·粒-1),每次1粒,每日2粒(铁138 mg·d-1);C组给予蛋白琥珀酸铁口服液(规格为15 mL·瓶-1),每次1瓶,每日2瓶(铁80 mg·d-1),3组均治疗8周。记录3组妊娠中期IDA孕妇治疗后的疗效,治疗前后的血红蛋白(hemoglobin, Hb)、铁蛋白(serum ferritin, SF)、红细胞计数(red blood cell count, RBC),费效比(cost-effectiveness ratio, C/E),不良反应,妊娠结局及所有新生儿脐动脉、脐静脉的Hb及SF。 结果 A组在治疗4、8周的有效率均高于B、C组(P<0.05),B、C组的有效率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A、B和C组的Hb、SF随着治疗时间延长呈升高趋势,且在治疗4、8周后均明显高于入组时,A组均明显高于B组和C组(P<0.05)。3组的RBC在治疗8周后均明显升高(P<0.05),A组的RBC水平均明显高于B组和C组(P<0.05)。3组孕妇治疗期间药物成本由高到低依次为C组(1 273.44元)>B组(305.76元)>A组(241.92元)。C/E由高到低依次为C组(20.3)>B组(5.38)>A组(3.02)。3组总不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。所有孕妇均接受随访,A、B、C组均发生不同程度的产后出血、早产、低体质量儿、新生儿呼吸窘迫及湿肺、新生儿颅内出血(P>0.05)。306例妊娠中期IDA中,已纠正孕妇(已纠正孕妇组)共176例,未纠正孕妇(未纠正孕妇组)共130例,2组脐静脉Hb比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),IDA已纠正孕妇组脐动脉Hb、脐动脉SF、脐静脉SF均高于IDA未纠正孕妇组(P<0.05)。 结论 妊娠中期IDA可能导致新生儿贫血及降低新生儿的铁储备。琥珀酸亚铁缓释片、多糖铁复合物及蛋白琥珀酸铁口服液3种药物治疗妊娠中期IDA均有明显的治疗效果,琥珀酸亚铁缓释片的治疗效果更优,C/E更低。
Objective To conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis of 3 iron supplements used to treat iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in mid-pregnancy and to assess their impact on pregnancy outcomes and neonatal iron reserves. Methods This prospective study included 306 pregnant women with IDA who attended regular prenatal check-ups at the Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from December 2021 to December 2023. Participants were randomly assigned to 3 groups (group A, group B and group C). All pregnant women received educational lectures and dietary guidance. Group A received 0.2 g per piece of Sustained-release Ferrous Succinate Tablets, 2 tablets per day (140 mg·d-1 of iron). Group B received 0.15 g per capsule of Polysaccharide Iron Complex, 2 capsules per day (138 mg·d-1 of iron). Group C received 15 mL per bottle of Protein Iron Succinate Oral Solution, 2 bottles per day (80 mg·d-1 of iron). The treatment duration was 8 weeks for all groups. Treatment efficacy, hemoglobin (Hb), serum ferritin (SF), red blood cell count (RBC) before and after treatment, cost-effectiveness ratio(C/E), adverse reactions, pregnancy outcomes, and Hb and SF levels in newborns’ umbilical arteries and veins were recorded and compared among the 3 groups. Results The effective rates in group A were significantly higher than those in groups B and group C at both 4 and 8 weeks of treatment (P<0.05). The difference in effective rates between groups B and group C was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Hb and SF levels in all 3 groups showed an increasing trend with prolonged treatment and were significantly higher than baseline levels after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment (P<0.05). Group A had significantly higher levels compared with groups B and group C (P<0.05). RBC counts in all 3 groups significantly increased after 8 weeks of treatment (P<0.05), with group A showing significantly higher counts than groups B and group C (P<0.05). The order of drug costs during the treatment period was group C (1 273.44 yuan)>group B (305.76 yuan)>group A (241.92 yuan). The cost-effectiveness ratio (C/E) was group C (20.3)>group B (5.38)> group A (3.02). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions among the 3 groups (P>0.05). All pregnant women were followed up. There was no statistically significant difference in postpartum hemorrhage, premature birth, low birth weight infants, neonatal respiratory distress, wet lung or intracranial hemorrhage among the 3 groups (P>0.05). Among 306 cases of mid-pregnancy IDA, 176 cases(collected into the corrected group) were corrected, and 130 cases (collected into the uncorrected group) were not. There was no significant difference in umbilical cord blood Hb between the 2 groups (P>0.05). Compared with the uncorrected group, the corrected IDA group had significantly higher Hb in the umbilical artery, SF in the umbilical artery, and SF in the umbilical vein (P<0.05). Conclusion IDA in mid-pregnancy can lead to neonatal anemia and reduce neonatal iron stores. All 3 iron supplements-sustained-release ferrous succinate tablets, polysaccharide iron complexes, and ferric protein succinate oral solution, demonstrated significant therapeutic effects. Sustained-release Ferrous Succinate Tablets had the best therapeutic effect and the lowest C/E ratio.
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北京惠康仁爱公益基金会课题
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