二甲双胍联合度拉糖肽对肥胖2型糖尿病患者血糖变异、胰岛素抵抗及三酰甘油-葡萄糖指数、内脏脂肪指数的影响

于鸿悦 ,  周淑娟 ,  高芳娟 ,  周亚君 ,  金进

西北药学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1) : 265 -270.

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西北药学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1) : 265 -270. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2407.2026.01.036
药物与临床

二甲双胍联合度拉糖肽对肥胖2型糖尿病患者血糖变异、胰岛素抵抗及三酰甘油-葡萄糖指数、内脏脂肪指数的影响

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Effect of metformin combined with dulaglutide on glycemic variability,insulin resistance, triglyceride-glucose index, and visceral adiposity index in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

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摘要

目的 探讨二甲双胍联合度拉糖肽对肥胖2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM)患者血糖变异、胰岛素抵抗及三酰甘油-葡萄糖指数(triglyceride-glucose index, TyG)、内脏脂肪指数(visceral adiposity index, VAI)的影响。 方法 选取2021年5月—2024年5月收治的肥胖T2DM患者110例作为研究对象,根据随机数字表法分为2组,每组55例。对照组采用盐酸二甲双胍片治疗,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上联合度拉糖肽治疗,2组均连续治疗3个月。比较2组治疗前、治疗后的血糖变异性[平均血糖波动幅度(mean amplitude of glucose excursion, MAGE)、日间血糖平均绝对差(absolute means of daily differences, MODD)、血糖变异系数(glucose variability expressed as coefficient of variation, CV)]、胰岛素抵抗、空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose, FBG)、三酰甘油(triglyceride, TG)、TyG、内脏脂肪(内脏脂肪面积、VAI)水平以及不良反应发生率。 结果 治疗后观察组的MAGE、MODD、CV水平均低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后观察组的空腹血浆胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数水平均低于对照组,胰岛β细胞指数水平高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后观察组的FBG、TG、TyG水平均低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后观察组的内脏脂肪面积、VAI水平均低于对照组(P<0.05);2组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 度拉糖肽对肥胖T2DM患者的临床应用价值较高,可降低患者的血糖水平,减少机体的血糖波动,同时改善患者的胰岛素抵抗情况,并可促进患者内脏脂肪水平的降低,且安全性较高,值得临床推广和应用。

Abstract

Objective To investigate the effect of metformin combined with dulaglutide on glycemic variability, insulin resistance, triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) and visceral adiposity index (VAI) in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods 110 obese patients with T2DM admitted to the hospital from May 2021 to May 2024 were selected.According to the random number table method, the patients were divided into 2 groups, 55 cases in each group. The control group was treated with Metformin Hydrochloride Tablets, while the observation group was treated with dulaglutide on the basis of the control group. Both groups underwent 3 months of continuous treatment. Glycemic variability [mean amplitude of glucose excursion (MAGE), absolute means of daily differences (MODD) and glucose variability expressed as coefficient of variation (CV)], insulin resistance, fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG), TyG and visceral fat (visceral fat area and VAI) before and after treatment, and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the 2 groups. Results After treatment, MAGE, MODD and CV in the observation group were smaller than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, fasting plasma insulin level and insulin resistance index in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and pancreatic β cell index was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of FBG, TG and TyG in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, visceral fat area and VAI in the observation group were smaller than those in the control group (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the 2 groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Dulaglutide has high clinical application value in obese patients with T2DM as it can lower blood glucose level, reduce blood glucose fluctuation, improve insulin resistance, and help to lower visceral fat level. Besides, it is relatively safe. It is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

关键词

肥胖2型糖尿病 / 度拉糖肽 / 二甲双胍 / 血糖变异 / 胰岛素抵抗 / 三酰甘油-葡萄糖指数 / 内脏脂肪指数

Key words

obesity with type 2 diabetes mellitus / dulaglutide / metformin / glycemic variability / insulin resistance / triglyceride-glucose index / visceral adiposity index

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于鸿悦,周淑娟,高芳娟,周亚君,金进. 二甲双胍联合度拉糖肽对肥胖2型糖尿病患者血糖变异、胰岛素抵抗及三酰甘油-葡萄糖指数、内脏脂肪指数的影响[J]. 西北药学杂志, 2026, 41(1): 265-270 DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2407.2026.01.036

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2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM)为临床常见的慢性疾病,由于胰岛素抵抗和胰岛素分泌不足,患者会出现长期高血糖、多食、多尿等表现1-2。研究发现,肥胖和超质量会增加T2DM的患病率,并且T2DM患者常伴有不同程度的肥胖以及高脂血症、内脏脂肪增加等表现3。肥胖T2DM患者的代谢紊乱程度、胰岛素抵抗情况均比普通T2DM患者严重,且靶器官对胰岛素的敏感性更低,治疗难度也更高4。二甲双胍为一线口服降糖药物,但单独应用时其疗效个体差异性较大,常需联合其他药物以提升治疗效果5。《中国2型糖尿病合并肥胖综合管理专家共识》6中建议肥胖T2DM患者,在选择降糖药物时,应先考虑有利于减轻体质量的药物6。胰高血糖素样肽-1(glucagon like peptide-1, GLP-1)是近年来上市的新型降糖药,可通过激活GLP-1受体增强胰岛素分泌,同时还可延缓胃排空,发挥降血糖、减轻体质量等作用7。度拉糖肽是一种长效的GLP-1受体激动剂,具有降糖、免疫调节等多种作用,可有效改善患者的糖脂代谢8-9。虽然度拉糖肽在临床应用广泛,但其对肥胖T2DM患者三酰甘油-葡萄糖指数(triglyceride-glucose index, TyG)、内脏脂肪指数(visceral adiposity index, VAI)的研究报道较少见。基于此,本研究探讨度拉糖肽对肥胖T2DM患者血糖变异、胰岛素抵抗和TyG、VAI的影响,分析度拉糖肽治疗肥胖T2DM患者的有效性。

1 一般资料

将2021年5月至2024年5月本院收治的110例肥胖T2DM患者,根据随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组55例。对照组:男性32例,女性23例;年龄为20~64岁,平均(47.15±8.42)岁;病程为1~7年,平均(3.46±1.41)年;体质量指数(body mass index, BMI)为28.4~35.6 kg·m-2,平均(31.64±1.78) kg·m-2;空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,FBG)为8.40~12.70 mmol·L-1,平均(10.16±1.43) mmol·L-1;糖化血红蛋白为7.20%~10.30%,平均(8.59%±1.21%)。观察组:男性33例,女性22例;年龄为22~67岁,平均(48.39±8.77)岁;病程为1~8年,平均(3.55±1.39)年; BMI为28.80~35.40 kg·m-2,平均(31.35±1.74) kg·m-2;FBG为8.80~13.40 mmol·L-1,平均(10.55±1.56) mmol·L-1;糖化血红蛋白为7.0%~10.9%,平均(8.37%±1.28%)。2组一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。

纳入标准:①符合《中国2型糖尿病合并肥胖综合管理专家共识》6的诊断标准;②年龄>18岁;③T2DM病程≥1年;④初诊患者,未接受过相关治疗。

排除标准:①合并糖尿病高血压、糖尿病酮症酸中毒等糖尿病急性并发症者;②对本研究所用药物过敏者;③存在肝、肾功能障碍者;④合并胃肠疾病、急性代谢疾病者。

2 方法

2.1 治疗方法

2组均接受常规运动、饮食指导以及糖尿病的相关健康教育。对照组采用盐酸二甲双胍片(石药集团欧意药业有限公司,规格为0.5 g)治疗,于餐前口服,每日3次,每次0.5 g。观察组在对照组治疗的基础上联合度拉糖肽治疗,皮下注射度拉糖肽注射液(Vetter Pharma-Fertigung GmbH & Co.KG,规格为1.5 g∶0.5 mL),每周1次,每次1.5 mg。2组均连续治疗3个月。

2.2 观察指标

2.2.1 主要指标

2.2.1.1 血糖变异性

记录患者治疗前、后的动态血糖数据,计算平均血糖波动幅度(mean amplitude of glucose excursion,MAGE)、日间血糖平均绝对差(absolute means of daily differences, MODD)以及血糖变异系数(glucose variability expressed as coefficient of variation, CV)。

2.2.1.2 胰岛素抵抗

于治疗前、后,抽取患者的空腹静脉血6 mL,以3 000 r·min-1离心10 min,取上层血清。采用试剂盒检测空腹血浆胰岛素(fasting plasma insulin,FINS)水平,计算胰岛β细胞指数(homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function,HOMA-β)、胰岛素抵抗指数(homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance,HOMA-IR)。

2.2.1.3 FBG、三酰甘油(triglyceride, TG)

采用葡萄糖氧化酶法检测患者的空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,FBG),并以Olympus公司提供的AU2700型全自动生化分析仪检测TG水平,TyG=(FBG×TG)/2。

2.2.2 次要指标

2.2.2.1 内脏脂肪

采用欧姆龙公司提供的HDS-2000型内脏脂肪测量装置检测患者治疗前、后的内脏脂肪面积,同时计算VAI,男性VAI=[腰围/(39.68+1.88×BMI)]×(TG/1.03)×1.31/脂蛋白胆固醇;女性VAI=[腰围/(36.58+1.89×BMI)]×(TG/0.81)×(1.52/脂蛋白胆固醇)。

2.2.2.2 不良反应

记录并比较2组治疗期间低血糖、恶心呕吐、皮疹、食欲减退等不良反应的发生情况。

2.3 统计学方法

采用SPSS 27.0 软件处理数据。计数资料用“例(%)”表示,采用χ2检验;符合正态分布、方差齐性的计量资料采用(x¯±s)表示,组间比较采用独立样本t检验,组内比较采用配对样本t检验。检测水准α=0.05。

3 结果

3.1 2组血糖变异性的比较

治疗后,观察组的MAGE、MODD、CV水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。见表1

3.2 2组胰岛素抵抗的比较

治疗后,观察组的FINS、HOMA-IR水平均低于对照组,HOMA-β水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。见表2

3.3 2组空腹血糖、血脂的比较

治疗后,观察组的FBG、TG、TyG水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。见表3

3.4 2组内脏脂肪的比较

治疗后,观察组的内脏脂肪面积、VAI水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。见表4

3.5 2组不良反应发生率的比较

2组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表5

4 讨论

T2DM的发病与胰岛素分泌缺陷有关,因胰岛素调节糖代谢能力下降、胰岛β细胞功能缺陷,导致胰岛素分泌减少、血糖长期偏高,易出现机体内分泌失调,并使脂肪的消耗率低于吸收率,故T2DM患者多伴有肥胖10-12。T2DM患者肥胖的发生会加重胰岛素抵抗,并且患者多存在糖脂代谢异常,从而加重患者的病情,增加治疗难度13-14。因此,对于肥胖T2DM患者而言,控制血糖的同时,适当减轻体质量十分必要。既往通过二甲双胍、饮食控制等方式治疗肥胖T2DM患者的疗效不佳,无法获得良好的控糖效果15。度拉糖肽为GLP-1受体激动剂,可促进胰岛素分泌,并提升周围组织对胰岛素的敏感性16。本研究分析二甲双胍联合度拉糖肽对肥胖T2DM患者血糖变异、胰岛素抵抗以及VAI的影响。

本研究结果显示,治疗后观察组的血糖变异性水平低于对照组,表明度拉糖肽的应用可使肥胖T2DM患者的血糖更为稳定。CV是用来表示特定时间内血糖发生波动和变化的程度,高水平的CV会使血糖控制更为困难,并增加糖尿病肾病、糖尿病视网膜脱落等并发症的发生风险17-18。度拉糖肽可促进胰岛β细胞分泌胰岛素,并可抑制食欲、延缓胃排空,有利于降低患者的餐后血糖,从而使血糖维持稳定19;并且度拉糖肽的半衰期可达4.7 d,注射2~4周后即可达到稳定状态,有利于改善患者的糖脂代谢紊乱,从而稳定其血糖水平20。本研究结果还显示,治疗后观察组的胰岛素抵抗水平改善情况优于对照组,表明联合应用度拉糖肽还可改善肥胖T2DM患者胰岛素抵抗的情况。分析原因,一方面度拉糖肽可与GLP-1受体结合,刺激胰岛β细胞分泌葡萄糖依赖性胰岛素,并增加胰岛素合成和分泌,同时通过旁分泌途径,诱导胰岛β细胞抑制胰高血糖素分泌,减少内源性葡萄糖的产生,调整胰岛素的释放模式;另一方面,度拉糖肽还可促进胰岛β细胞的增殖、再生,并阻止其凋亡,进一步使胰岛素分泌增多,从而改善患者的胰岛素抵抗情况21-22。此外,本研究的结果还显示,治疗后观察组的血糖、血脂以及内脏脂肪指数均低于对照组,表明度拉糖肽的应用还可调节其血糖、血脂水平,并促进TyG、VAI水平的降低。原因为度拉糖肽可调整胰岛素的释放模式,从而调节患者的血糖水平,不仅降低了血糖水平,还使其更加稳定。同时度拉糖肽可刺激GLP-1受体,发挥抑制患者食欲、增加患者饱腹感的作用,并延缓胃排空,从而减少食物的摄入,并促进机体脂肪组织的分解、消耗,达到调节脂质代谢的目的,进而降低TG水平,促使内脏脂肪面积、VAI的减少23-24。毛智毅等25研究发现,二甲双胍也具有降低食欲的作用,联合度拉糖肽可共同促进脂肪组织的消耗。本研究结果显示,2组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义,表明联合应用度拉糖肽不会增加患者的不良反应,用药安全性较高。

综上所述,度拉糖肽的应用可稳定肥胖T2DM患者的CV,并有效控制血糖,改善其糖脂代谢和胰岛素抵抗情况,从而降低其TyG、VAI水平。但本研究治疗时间较短,可能存在偏倚,将在后续研究中延长治疗时间,进一步分析度拉糖肽对肥胖T2DM患者的应用价值。

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