非耐用型应急物资政企协同储备组合契约协调机制研究

Research on the coordination mechanism of combined contracts for government-enterprise collaborative reserve of non-durable emergency supplies

摘要

为解决非耐用型应急物资政企联合储备中储备不足与物资过期浪费的双重矛盾，调和政府成本最小化与企业收益最大化之间的目标冲突，本文设计了一种能实现风险共担与系统协调的新型契约机制。引入企业社会责任声誉收益参数，基于斯坦伯格博弈解析政企决策逻辑，设计了融合“实物期权＋回购”的组合契约协调模型。结合A地区应急医疗物资储备算例进行数值仿真与参数灵敏度分析。结果表明，政府最优储备量受批发价、残值、灾害概率等影响，随残值和灾害概率增加而增加，随采购及库存成本上升而减少。企业代储量与权利金、执行价格、声誉收益系数正相关，与生产成本、库存成本负相关。合理调节契约参数可使政企总储备量达集中决策最优解，实现供应链协调，且社会责任声誉收益能提升企业储备意愿，回购机制增强合作稳定性。“实物期权＋回购”组合契约通过柔性采购与风险共担机制，突破了单一契约在政企目标协调上的局限，为政企优化储备策略提供了具体的可操作的契约工具，实现了一个融合经济激励与非经济声誉激励的协同契约设计范式，为完善应急物资储备体系提供了理论支撑与实践参考。

Abstract

To address the dual contradictions of insufficient reserves and the wastage of expired materials in the joint government-enterprise reserve of non-durable emergency supplies, and to reconcile the goal conflict of minimizing the government costs and maximizing enterprise profits, this paper designs a novel contractual mechanism that achieves risk sharing and system coordination. By introducing the corporate social responsibility (CSR) reputation benefit parameter and analyzing the government-enterprise decision logic based on the Stackelberg game, a combined “real option＋buyback” contract coordination model is designed. Numerical simulation and parameter sensitivity analysis are conducted using a case study of emergency medical supply reserves in Region A. The results indicate that the government’s optimal reserve quantity is influenced by factors such as the wholesale price, residual value, and disaster probability, increasing with the rise of residual value and disaster probability, and decreasing with the increase of procurement and inventory costs. The enterprise’s reserve quantity is positively correlated with the option premium, exercise price, and reputation benefit coefficient, while negatively correlated with production costs and inventory costs. Reasonable adjustment of contract parameters can make the total government-enterprise reserve quantity to the optimal solution under centralized decision-making, thereby achieving supply chain coordination. Furthermore, the CSR reputation benefit can enhance the enterprise’s willingness to reserve, and the buyback mechanism strengthens the stability of cooperation. The combined “real option＋buyback” contract, through its mechanisms of flexible procurement and risk sharing, overcomes the limitations of single contracts in coordinating government and enterprise objectives. This study not only provides a concrete and operable contractual tool for government and enterprise to optimize reserve strategies, but also realizes a synergistic contract design paradigm that integrates economic and non-economic reputation incentives, offers a theoretical support and practical references for improving the emergency supply reserve system.

关键词

非耐用型应急物资 / 政企协同储备 / 实物期权 / 回购契约 / 社会责任声誉收益

Key words

non-durable emergency supplies / government-enterprise collaborative reserve / real option / buyback contract / social responsibility reputation benefit

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基金资助

江苏省社会科学基金项目(24GLB006)

2024年江苏省学位与研究生教育教学改革课题(JGKT24_C096)

2024年度省教育科学规划重点课题(Bb/2024/01/102)