基于S-ALE方法的堰塞湖溃决洪水对桥墩的冲击作用研究

Research on the impact of dam-break flood on bridge piers based on the S-ALE method

摘要

为研究堰塞湖溃决洪水对单柱式桥墩的冲击作用机制,通过水槽试验,并利用LS-DYNA软件中的结构化任意拉格朗日欧拉方法(Structured-Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian, S-ALE)对水槽试验进行了三维数值模拟,验证了S-ALE方法的有效性,根据验证过的方法进一步分析了代表一类工程场景的堰塞湖溃决洪水对桥墩的冲击作用。结果表明,堰塞湖溃决洪水与桥墩结构的作用过程可分为启动加速阶段、持续冲击阶段、波动阶段和似平稳阶段4个阶段。在溃决洪水冲击桥墩的过程中,各工况桥墩所受冲击力的变化趋势总体上基本一致,冲击力先是急剧增大,然后逐渐减小,最后趋于稳定。洪水初速度越大,最大冲击力出现的时间越早,冲击力趋于稳定的时间也越早。下游水深较深时,在洪水启动加速阶段,桥墩处的初始水流与上游水体之间的相互作用会引起明显的震荡,随着初始雍水速度v₀的增加,启动加速阶段冲击力的波动程度逐渐加大。洪水流速和上下游水深对桥墩所受最大冲击力的影响显著。上游水深的增加直接导致最大冲击力的增大,而流速的增加进一步加剧了这一趋势。研究结果可为山区桥梁堰塞湖溃决灾害的防治与设计提供一定的参考依据。

Abstract

To investigate the impact mechanism of dam-break flood on single-column bridge piers, flume tests were conducted, and three-dimensional numerical simulations were performed using the Structured-Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (S-ALE) method in LS-DYNA software. The effectiveness of the S-ALE method was verified, and the impact of a dam-break flood on the bridge pier, representing a typical engineering scenario, was further analyzed based on the validated method. The results show that the interaction process between the dam-break flood and the bridge pier structure can be divided into four stages, including the initial acceleration stage, the sustained impact stage, the fluctuation stage, and the quasi-stationary stage. During the impact of the outburst flood on the bridge pier, the trend of the impact force on the pier under various conditions is generally consistent. The impact force initially increases sharply, then gradually decreases, and finally tends to stabilize. The greater the initial velocity of the flood, the earlier the maximum impact force occurs, and the earlier the impact force tends to stabilize. When the downstream water depth is relatively deep, the interaction between the initial water flow at the bridge pier and the upstream water body during the initial acceleration phase of the flood will cause significant oscillations. As the initial backwater water velocity v ₀ increases, the fluctuation of the impact force during the acceleration phase gradually increases. The flood flow velocity and the upstream/downstream water depths have a significant impact on the maximum impact force on the bridge pier. An increase in upstream water depth directly leads to an increase in the maximum impact force, while an increase in inflow velocity further exacerbates this trend. The research results can provide some reference for the prevention and design of landslide dammed lake breach disasters on bridges in mountainous areas.

关键词

S-ALE方法 / 堰塞湖溃决洪水 / 桥墩 / 初始雍水速度 / 冲击作用

Key words

S-ALE method / dam-break flood / bridge pier / initial impoundment velocity / impact action

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基金资助

国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFB2604001)

四川省科技计划项目(2021YYJC3173)