硫酸盐－干湿循环耦合作用下超高性能混凝土基本力学性能试验研究

Experimental study on basic mechanical properties of ultra-high performance concrete under sulfate-dry-wet cycle coupling action

摘要

为研究硫酸盐－干湿循环耦合作用下超高性能混凝土(ultra-high performance concrete，UHPC)基本力学性能的变化规律，采用不同浓度(0%、5%、10%、15%)的硫酸盐溶液浸泡，达到龄期后进行UHPC受压性能试验，对不同浓度溶液中试件的质量变化率、抗压强度变化率和相对动弹性模量进行对比试验研究，并通过粘贴式声发射试验解释超高性能混凝土材料损伤的声波速度内部变化特征。研究结果表明，UHPC的质量、抗压强度与动弹性模量的变化趋势均表现为先上升后下降，质量损失率最大为0.83%，抗压强度变化率与相对动弹性模量最高为3.56%和125.62%，且在浓度较高的溶液中，变化趋势较明显。全循环周期中UHPC整体力学性能变化幅度平缓，试件所处硫酸盐溶液浓度的高低表征于声发射特征参数曲线。硫酸盐溶液浓度越高，溶液中SO^2-₄渗透速率越快，且干湿循环加剧了盐结晶－溶解的反复过程，进一步破坏钢纤维与基体的界面黏结，导致微裂纹更早产生并快速扩展，声发射能量峰值提前出现。同时损伤过程呈现多阶段性：基体开裂，纤维滑移和纤维拔出，不同损伤模式的叠加导致特征参数曲线波动时间延长。声发射特征参数曲线在4种不同浓度的硫酸盐溶液中均表现出阶段性振荡趋势，钢纤维在混凝土损伤过程中对裂缝发展的阻滞起着明显作用。

Abstract

In order to study the variation law of the basic mechanical properties of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) under the coupling effect of sulfate-dry-wet cycle, different concentrations (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%) of sulfate solution were used to soak the UHPC. The compressive performance test of the UHPC specimens was evaluated after reaching the specified curing age. The mass variation ratio, the compressive strength change rate and the relative dynamic modulus of the specimens in solutions of different concentrations were analyzed and compared. The internal variation characteristics of acoustic velocity of ultra-high performance concrete material damage are explained by adhesive acoustic emission test. The results show that the mass, compressive strength and dynamic elastic modulus of UHPC all exhibit an initial increase followed by a decrease. The maximum mass loss rate is 0.83%, and the highest compressive strength change rate and relative dynamic modulus of elasticity are 3.56% and 125.62%, respectively. These trends are more pronounced in solutions with higher concentrations. The overall mechanical properties of UHPC change gradually throughout the entire cycle, and the concentration of the sulfate solution in which the specimen is immersed is characterized by the acoustic emission characteristic parameter curves. Higher sulfate solution concentrations lead to faster SO ^2- ₄ permeation rates, and wet-dry cycles exacerbate the repeated crystallization-dissolution process of salt, further disrupting the interfacial bond between steel fibers and the matrix. This results in earlier microcrack formation and rapid propagation, leading to an earlier peak acoustic emission energy. Simultaneously, the damage process exhibits multi-stage characteristics: matrix cracking, fiber slippage, and fiber pull-out. The superposition of different damage modes prolongs the fluctuation time of the characteristic parameter curves. The acoustic emission characteristic parameter curves show a staged oscillation trend in all four sulfate solutions with different concentrations, indicating that steel fibers play a significant role in hindering crack development during concrete damage.

关键词

超高性能混凝土 / 硫酸盐－干湿循环 / 力学性能 / 声发射 / 钢纤维

Key words

ultra-high performance concrete / sulfate-dry-wet cycle / mechanical properties / acoustic emission / steel fibre

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(52079109)

国家自然科学基金项目(51408487)

陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2024JC-YBMS-425)