弹用固体燃料柱状装药冲压发动机性能分析

Performance Analysis of Solid Fuel Cylindrical Charge Ramjets for Projectiles

摘要

为了发展一种适用于超远程制导炮弹的高性能固体燃料冲压发动机,提出了一种采用柱状装药结构的新型发动机设计方案,以传统环状装药结构为参考,采用转捩的剪切应力输运和涡概念耗散方程,分别建立了两种结构的内弹道计算模型,获得了其流场结构与性能参数。结果表明:采用新型柱状装药结构可以增大燃料的装药质量和燃烧效率,但也会相应增加发动机总长和总压损失;对比参考环状装药发动机,在相同的进气质量流率下,柱状装药发动机补燃室隔板后高速气流的湍流动能明显更大,燃料与空气的掺混效果更好,喷口附近有更大范围的高温区;当进气质量流率为4kg/s时,相比参考发动机,采用柱状装药结构可使发动机燃烧效率提高约10.59%,推力提高约7.74%,比冲提高约13.13%,但此提升效果会随着空燃比的增大而减小;在相同的燃烧效率下,采用柱状装药结构可以有效缩短补燃室的长度,有利于增大其他部件的可用空间;该文提出的新型柱状装药结构为超远程制导炮弹固体冲压发动机的设计提供了一种可选择的结构方案。

Abstract

To improve the performance of solid fuel ramjet for ultra-long-range guided projectiles, a novel ramjet design employing a cylindrical charge structure was proposed. In contrast to traditional annular charge configurations, the internal ballistic computational models were established for the two contrasting structural schemes based on transitional shear stress transport and vortex concept dissipation equations, and their flow field structures and performance parameters were obtained. The result shows that the innovative cylindrical charge configuration can increase the charge mass and combustion efficiency of the fuel, but it will correspondingly increase the overall engine length and total pressure loss. Compared to engines with conventional annular charge, the proposed design with cylindrical charge significantly enhances the turbulent kinetic energy downstream of the post-combustion chamber baffles under the equivalent inlet mass flow rate, facilitating superior mixing of fuel with air and creating a more extensive high-temperature zone near nozzle. At air mass flow rate of 4kg/s, the cylindrical charge configuration can improve combustion efficiency by approximately 10.59%, thrust by 7.74%, and specific impulse by 13.13% compared to the benchmark engine. However the magnitude of these improvements inversely decreases with the increase of air-fuel ratio. Additionally, within similar combustion efficiencies, adopting cylindrical charge configuration significantly shortens the afterburner chamber, optimizing the available space for other components and potentially enhancing the integration of long-range munition systems. The study presents the cylindrical charge as a feasible alternative structural approach for the design of advanced solid fuel ramjet engines.

关键词

固体燃料冲压发动机 / 内型面 / 隔板扰流 / 推力 / 燃烧效率

Key words

solid-fuel ramjet / inner profile / bulkhead turbulence / thrust / combustion efficiency

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