再生式液体发射药迫击炮点火特性研究

Study on Regenerative Liquid-propellant Mortar Characteristics During Ignition Process

摘要

针对液体发射药迫击炮点火时期压力振荡现象及产生发展机理，研制再生式液体发射药半密闭爆发器试验系统，基于大涡模拟(LES)建立点火阶段燃烧室燃气流动模型，数值求解燃烧室声腔模态与瞬态流场，计算燃烧室点火阶段声腔各阶模态频率及压力振荡信号。结果表明，点火阶段燃烧室声腔模态振型主要由切向与轴向组成，点火时期压力振荡呈现多频率特性，振荡频率集中在 5~50kHz 之间。基于 LES 计算的燃烧室压力振荡频率与试验结果一致，低频压力振荡与部分低阶声腔模态频率相同，主要表现为一阶切向 1T、一阶切向一阶轴向 1T1L 和二阶切向一阶轴向 2T1L；高频压力振荡则与速度扰动频率相似。分析了涡量场与速度扰动频谱，发现高频振荡主要由涡相互作用引起的微小扰动导致。研究结果揭示了液体发射药迫击炮点火时期压力振荡产生机理与发展过程，为压力振荡抑制提供了指导。

Abstract

To further investigate the mechanism of pressure oscillation in liquid propellant mortars, a regenerative liquid propellant semi-closed explosive test system was developed. Based on large eddy simulation (LES), a combustion-chamber gas flow model was established during the ignition stage, and the combustion chamber acoustic cavity mode and transient flow field were numerically solved. The modal frequencies and pressure oscillation signals of each order of the combustion chamber acoustic cavity during the ignition stage were calculated. Results show that the modal of the combustion chamber acoustic cavity during the ignition stage are mainly composed of tangential and axial directions, and the pressure oscillation exhibits multi-frequency characteristics, with oscillation frequencies concentrated between 5~50kHz. The calculated combustion-chamber pressure oscillation frequency based on LES is consistent with the experimental results. The low-frequency pressure oscillation is the same as the modal frequency of some low-order acoustic chambers, mainly manifesting as the first-tangential mode (1T), first-tangential first-axial model (1T1L), and second-tangential first-axial mode (2T1L). High-frequency pressure oscillations exhibit frequencies similar to those of velocity disturbances. The vorticity field and velocity disturbance spectrum were analyzed. The high-frequency oscillations are mainly caused by small disturbances caused by vortex interactions. The research results reveal the mechanism and development process of pressure oscillation during the ignition period of liquid propellant mortars, providing guidance for pressure oscillation suppression.

关键词

液体发射药迫击炮 / 压力振荡 / 大涡模拟 / 声腔模态

Key words

RLPG / pressure oscillation / LES / acoustic modal

参考文献

[1] 张相炎, 刘宁. 再生式液体发射药火炮发射过程仿真[M]. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 2014.

[2] ZHANG Xiangyan, LIU Ning. Launching process simulation of regenerative liquid propellant gun[M]. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 2014. (in Chinese)

[3] 杨博伦, 刘宁, 孙明亮, 等. 液体发射药迫击炮试验研究及数值模拟[J]. 火炮发射与控制学报, 2020, 41(3): 73-77.

[4] YANG Bolun, LIU Ning, SUN Mingliang, et al. Experimental study and numerical simulation of liquid propellant mortar[J]. Journal of Gun Launch & Control, 2020, 41(3): 73-77. (in Chinese)

[5] VOSEN S R, CARLING R W, RYCHNOVSKY R E, et al. The effect of elastomeric liners on high-pressure liquid propellant combustion oscillations[J]. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 1995(20): 311-321.

[6] 余永刚, 周彦煌, 刘东尧, 等. 再生式液体炮压力振荡研究[J]. 弹道学报, 2004, 16(2): 1-6.

[7] YU Yonggang, ZHOU Yanhuang, LIU Dongyao, et al. A study on pressure oscillation of regenerative liquid propellant gun[J]. Journal of Ballistics, 2004, 16(2): 1-6. (in Chinese)

[8] 刘宁, 张相炎. 再生式液体发射药火炮喷雾燃烧理论及数值仿真[J]. 工程力学, 2009, 26(3): 224-228.

[9] LIU Ning, ZHANG Xiangyan. Theory and numerical simulation of spray combustion process in regenerative liquid propellant guns[J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2009, 26(3): 224-228. (in Chinese)

[10] 王亮宽, 张相炎, 刘宁. 再生式液体发射药火炮燃烧室压力高频振荡研究[J]. 南京理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2006, 30(4): 491-494, 498.

[11] WANG Liangkuan, ZHANG Xiangyan, LIU Ning. Pressure high-frequency oscillation in combustion chamber of regenerative liquid propellant gun[J]. Journal of Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 2006, 30(4): 491-494, 498. (in Chinese)

[12] 陆林. RLPG 燃烧推进过程理论建模及数值模拟[D]. 南京: 南京理工大学 2018

[13] LU Lin. Theoretical modeling and numerical simulation of RLPG combustion propulsion process[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Science and Technology 2018. (in Chinese)

[14] 董关. RLPG 燃烧室声学特性与压力振荡抑制方法研究[D]. 南京: 南京理工大学 2022.

[15] DONG Guan. Study on acoustic characteristics and pressure oscillation suppression of RLPG combustor[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Science and Technology 2022. (in Chinese)

[16] 李磊, 孙晓峰. 推进动力系统燃烧不稳定性产生的机理、预测及控制方法[J]. 推进技术, 2010, 31(6): 710-720.

[17] LI Lei, SUN Xiaofeng. Mechanism, prediction and control method of combustion instability in propulsion system[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2010, 31(6): 710-720. (in Chinese)

[18] 张志浩, 刘潇, 郑洪涛, 等. 燃烧不稳定性试验诊断及数值分析方法研究进展[J]. 燃气轮机技术, 2021, 34(3): 1-13.

[19] ZHANG Zhihao, LIU Xiao, ZHENG Hongtao, et al. Research progress of experimental diagnosis and numerical analysis methods of combustion instability[J]. Gas Turbine Technology, 2021, 34(3): 1-13. (in Chinese)

[20] 张泽昊, 樊志伟, 董立宝, 等. 隔板对液体火箭发动机燃烧室声学模态特性的影响[J]. 航空动力学报, 2024, 39(4): 239-248.

[21] ZHANG Zehao, FAN Zhiwei, DONG Libao, et al. Effects of baffle on the acoustic mode characteristics of liquid rocket engine combustion chambers[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2024, 39(4): 239-248. (in Chinese)

[22] 汪广旭, 杨宝娥, 谭永华, 等. 液体火箭发动机高频纵向燃烧不稳定现象的随机性[J]. 航空学报, 2024, 45(14): 129485.

[23] WANG Guangxu, YANG Baoe, TAN Yonghua, et al. Randomness of high frequency longitudinal combustion instability in liquid rocket engines[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(14): 129485. (in Chinese)

[24] 李昊, 刘勇, 张祥, 等. LPP 燃烧室燃烧不稳定特征三维模拟[J]. 航空动力学报, 2024, 39(3): 57-66.

[25] LI Hao, LIU Yong, ZHANG Xiang, et al. Three-dimensional simulation of combustion instability characteristics in LPP combustor[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2024, 39(3): 57-66. (in Chinese)

[26] 任永杰, 丰松江, 聂万胜, 等. 单喷嘴火箭发动机高频燃烧不定的 RANS 和 SBES 数值模拟[J]. 推进技术, 2024, 45(7): 129-139.

[27] REN Yongjie, FENG Songjiang, NIE Wansheng, et al. Numerical simulation of RANS and SBES for high-frequency combustion instability of a single-element rocket engine[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2024, 45(7): 129-139. (in Chinese)

[28] 张相炎, 林钧毅, 范宇军. 点火参数对 RLPG 再生循环过程的影响[J]. 火炮发射与控制学报, 1997, 2(3): 35-39.

[29] ZHANG Xiangyan, LIN Junyi, FAN Yujun. The influence of ignition parameters on the regeneration cycle process of RLPG[J]. Journal of Gun Launch & Control, 1997, 2 (3): 35-39. (in Chinese)

[30] 张相炎, 林钧毅, 张月林. RLPG 点火控制技术研究[J]. 火炮发射与控制学报, 1997, 2(1): 40-43.

[31] ZHANG Xiangyan, LIN Junyi, ZHANG Yuelin. Study on RLPG ignition control technology[J]. Journal of Gun Launch & Control, 1997, 2(1): 40-43. (in Chinese)

[32] 张玉荣, 余永刚, 金志明, 等. RLPG 点火过程中贮液室压力振荡分析[J]. 弹道学报, 2000, 12(2): 1-5.

[33] ZHANG Yurong, YU Yonggang, JIN Zhiming, et al. Analysis of pressure oscillations in the RLPG ignition process[J]. Journal of Ballistics, 2000, 12(2): 1-5. (in Chinese)

[34] 杨博伦. 再生式液体发射药迫击炮内弹道仿真分析与试验研究[D]. 南京: 南京理工大学 2020.

[35] YANG Bolun. Modeling and experimental study for interior ballistics of regenerative liquid propellant mortar[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Science and Technology 2020. (in Chinese)

[36] 孙明亮, 陆林, 刘宁, 等. 液体发射药迫击炮内弹道燃烧稳定性[J]. 兵工学报, 2020, 41(11): 2145-2154.

[37] SUN Mingliang, LU Lin, LIU Ning, et al. Combustion stability of interior ballistics of liquid propellant mortar[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2020, 41(11): 2145-2154. (in Chinese)

[38] 梁雨霞, 刘宁, 於永硕, 等. 再生式液体发射药迫击炮点火过程建模与试验研究[J]. 火炮发射与控制学报, 2024, 45(4): 82-88.

[39] LIANG Yuxia, LIU Ning, YU Yongshuo, et al. Modeling and experimental study on the ignition process of regenerative liquid propellant mortar[J]. Journal of Gun Launch & Control, 2024, 45(4): 82-88. (in Chinese)

[40] 程建春. 声学原理[M]. 北京: 科学出版社 2019.

[41] CHENG Jianchun. Acoustics theory[M]. Beijing: Science Press 2019. (in Chinese)

[42] NICOUD F, DUCROS F. Subgrid-scale stress modelling based on the square of the velocity gradient tensor[J]. Flow, Turbulence and Combustion, 1999, 62(3): 183-200.