非预混 CH₄/CO/H₂ 混合气旋转爆轰数值模拟研究

Numerical Simulation Study of Rotating Detonation in Non-Premixed CH₄/CO/H₂ Mixtures

摘要

针对固体贫氧推进剂富燃燃气(主要成分为 CH₄、CO、H₂)在旋转爆轰发动机中的应用背景，开展了 CH₄ / CO/H₂ 混合气在非预混进气条件下的旋转爆轰传播特性二维数值模拟研究，旨在揭示当量比和燃料组分比例对爆轰波稳定性、传播模态及流场结构的影响机制。基于 OpenFOAM 平台，利用 rhoReactingCentralFoam 求解器开展二维模拟，采用简化化学反应机理，系统分析了当量比(0.88~1.33)和 CO 质量分数(45%~88.7%)对旋转爆轰波传播稳定性、流场结构及组分分布的影响。结果表明:在 CH₄ / CO/ H₂ 摩尔比为 1∶2.5∶5.38 时，所有当量比工况下均能形成单波稳定传播，随当量比增加平均传播速度由 1702m/s 升至 1769m/s，峰值压力相应提高；当量比大于 1 时，CH₄ 和 H₂ 在反应区近乎完全消耗，而 CO 残留量显著增加；当量比越接近化学计量比，爆轰波自我调节时间越短，稳定性越优。在固定当量比与 CH₄ / H₂ 摩尔比条件下，CO 质量分数增加会引起爆轰波平均速度下降、速度亏损增大，稳定性降低；CO 质量分数达 88.7%时，流场中出现寄生燃烧，诱发了多波与紊乱模态，破坏爆轰波的稳定自持传播。

Abstract

To address the application of lean-burn gases (primarily composed of CH₄, CO, and H₂) from solid oxygen-deficient propellants in rotating detonation engines, the two-dimensional numerical simulation was conducted to study the propagation characteristics of CH₄ / CO/ H₂ mixtures under non-premixed inlet conditions. The aim was to elucidate the influence mechanisms of equivalence ratio and fuel composition on detonation wave stability, propagation modes, and flow field structures. Using the OpenFOAM platform and the rhoReactingCentralFoam solver, the two-dimensional simulations were performed with a simplified chemical reaction mechanism. The study systematically analyzed the effects of equivalence ratio (0.88~1.33) and CO mass fraction (45%~88.7%) on the propagation stability, flow field structure, and component distribution of rotating detonation waves. Results indicate that stable single-wave propagation occurs across all equivalence ratio conditions at a CH₄ / CO/ H₂ molar ratio of 1∶2.5∶5.38. The average propagation velocity increases from 1702 m/s to 1769 m/s with rising equivalence ratio, accompanied by corresponding peak pressure increases. When the equivalence ratio exceeds 1, CH₄ and H₂ are nearly completely consumed in the reaction zone, while residual CO content significantly increases. The closer the equivalence ratio approaches the stoichiometric ratio, the shorter the self-regulation time of the detonation wave and the better its stability. Under fixed equivalence ratio and CH₄ / H₂ molar ratio, increasing CO mass fraction causes the decrease of the detonation wave average velocity, increases velocity loss, and reduces stability. When the CO mass fraction reaches 88.7%, parasitic combustion occurs in the flow field, inducing multiple waves and turbulent modes that disrupt the stable self-sustained propagation of the detonation wave.

关键词

旋转爆轰 / 发动机 / 固体燃料 / 当量比 / 寄生燃烧

Key words

rotating detonation / engine / solid fuel / equivalence ratio / parasitic combustion

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基金资助

重点实验室基金(2025-JSS-LB-034-03)