内孤立波条件下垂向运动圆柱水轨迹特性

Ballistic Characteristics of Vertically Moving Cylinder Under Internal Solitary Wave Conditions

摘要

海洋温盐非均匀分布会诱发强非线性内孤立波，其剪切流场可造成水下航行体姿态偏移。针对圆柱体穿越内孤立波场的入水动力学问题，耦合刚体动力学理论与内孤立波控制方程，构建垂向运动航行体二维弹道耦合计算模型，重点探究内波幅值、初始遭遇相位对航行体水动力载荷及运动响应的作用机制。开展内波造波物理试验，对理论模型开展校验，波幅理论计算值与试验测量值相对误差控制在 5％以内；圆柱体所受水平力、垂向力的预报结果与试验数据吻合良好，验证了该载荷预报方法与弹道耦合模型的合理性。数值计算结果表明：初始遭遇相位对航行体运动响应幅度影响显著，航行体位于波谷附近时水平位移与偏转角达到峰值，运动形式以横移为主、偏转为辅；内孤立波振幅与航行体运动响应呈正相关；流场流速越高，航行体承受的内孤立波载荷越大，水平位移越显著；流场速度垂向梯度越大，航行体所受波致力矩越大，姿态偏转角越大。总的来说内孤立波姿态影响有限，但对航行体的出水横向位置有明显的影响。该研究揭示了内孤立波环境下垂向航行体的载荷与演化规律，可为水下航行体在内波场中的运动稳定性评估提供理论支撑。

Abstract

The non-uniform distribution of ocean temperature and salinity can induce strongly nonlinear internal solitary waves, and their shear flow field may cause attitude deviation of underwater vehicles. To address the water-entry dynamics of a cylinder propagating through an internal solitary wave field, a two-dimensional coupled trajectory model for vertically moving vehicles was established by coupling rigid-body dynamics theory with the governing equations of internal solitary waves. This study focuses on investigating the mechanisms of internal wave amplitude and initial encounter phase affecting the hydrodynamic loads and motion responses of the vehicle. Physical experiments with internal wave generation were carried out to validate the theoretical model. The relative error between the theoretically calculated wave amplitude and experimental measurements is controlled within 5%. The predicted horizontal and vertical forces acting on the cylinder agree well with experimental data, verifying the rationality of the load prediction method and coupled trajectory model. Numerical results show that the initial encounter phase exerts a remarkable influence on the magnitude of vehicle motion response. The horizontal displacement and deflection angle reach their peaks when the vehicle is near the wave trough, where the motion is dominated by lateral translation with minor rotation. The amplitude of internal solitary waves is positively correlated with the vehicle motion response. Higher flow velocity leads to larger internal solitary wave loads on the vehicle and more pronounced horizontal displacement. A larger vertical gradient of flow velocity induces greater wave-induced moment and a larger attitude-deflection-angle on the vehicle. Overall, internal solitary waves have a limited effect on vehicle attitude, but impose an obvious impact on the lateral exit position of the vehicle. This study reveals the load characteristics and evolution laws of vertically moving vehicles in internal solitary wave environments, and provides theoretical support for evaluating the motion stability of underwater vehicles in internal wave fields.

关键词

水轨迹 / 分层流体 / 内孤立波 / 理论计算

Key words

water trajectory / stratified fluid / internal solitary wave / theoretical calculation

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基金资助

国家重点研发计划资助项目(2023YFC3011400)

国家自然基金青年项目(12502282)