部分切口多孔杆状药装药二维两相流数值模拟

Two-phase Flow Simulation of the Partially Cut Multi-perforated Stick Propellant Charge

摘要

为研究部分切口多孔杆状药装药的内弹道特性，基于药柱燃烧过程的形态变化特点，分段建立了内弹道两相流模型。在弹丸启动前，药柱以长杆形态存在于药室内，此时采用欧拉－拉格朗日方法描绘流场；当弹丸启动后，药柱断裂为粒状药，此时采用欧拉－欧拉方法描绘流场；最后通过初值映射的方法耦合求解两个过程，编制程序对膛内药床和燃气的运动进行了数值模拟。计算结果显示：数值模拟结果与实验曲线吻合较好，最大压力误差为0.31%，弹丸初速误差为0.29%，验证了建立的轴对称内弹道模型的准确性和耦合计算方法的有效性。在点传火初期，膛内流场呈现短暂的径向效应，轴向效应明显，且在膛内波动传递；弹丸启动后，径向效应逐渐减弱，轴向效应不断增大；随着火药燃尽，膛内流场分布逐渐均匀，轴向效应也减弱。部分切口多孔杆状药在保证传火性能的同时提高弹丸初速。

Abstract

To investigate the interior ballistic characteristics of partially cut multi-perforated stick propellant charges, a segmented two-phase flow model for interior ballistics was established based on the morphological variation characteristics of propellant grains during combustion. Before projectile startup, the propellant remains in a long rod state inside the chamber, and the Euler-Lagrange method was employed to describe the flow field. After projectile startup, the rod propellants break into granular particles, and the Euler-Euler method was adopted for flow field characterization. Finally, the initial value mapping method was applied to couple the two computational processes, and a self-compiled program was used to numerically simulate the motion of the propellant bed and gas flow in the gun bore. The computational results demonstrate good agreement with experimental data, showing a maximum pressure error of 0.31% and an initial velocity deviation of 0.29%, thereby verifying both the accuracy of the axisymmetric model and the effectiveness of the coupled computational methodology. During the initial point ignition stage, the intra-bore flow field presents transient radial effects and prominent axial effects, with flow fluctuations propagating along the barrel. Following projectile startup, the radial effects gradually weaken while the axial effects are continuously enhanced. As the propellant burns out completely, the intra-bore flow field distribution tends to be uniform, and the axial effects decay correspondingly. The partially cut multi-perforated stick propellant can effectively improve the projectile muzzle level velocity while maintaining favorable ignition and flame propagation performance.

关键词

内弹道 / 杆状发射药 / 两相流

Key words

internal ballistics / stick propellant / two-phase flow

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