燃气挡板对筒底流场及内弹道影响的仿真研究

Simulation Study of Influence of Gas Baffle on the Bottom Flow Field and Interior Ballistics

摘要

使用计算流体力学的方法对发射装置筒底流场规律进行了研究，首先对比分析了主流区域有、无燃气挡板对筒底流场分布及内弹道参数的影响，随后对比分析了燃气主流区域增加不同结构燃气挡板对筒底流场分布及内弹道参数的影响。研究结果表明，在燃气主流区域增加燃气导流挡板可以有效降低负载底部中心区域的压力载荷，有利于降低发射过程中对于负载的冲击作用，但是对负载速度等内弹道参数的影响较小。不同结构的燃气挡板对流场形态分布有较大影响，筒底流场在不同结构挡板的作用下呈现出不同的流场形态，从而影响燃气流场的局部压力。斜面圆锥结构挡板、凹弧面锥形挡板和凸弧面锥形挡板结构均可以有效降低发射过程中负载底部最大压力。相同时刻下凹弧面锥形挡板对于减小负载底部最大压力的效果最为显著，可降低负载底部最大压力约 44%，该结构下负载的出筒速度也会降低约 0.6%，在燃气挡板结构设计时应综合考虑。研究结果为发射装置筒底导流结构设计提供理论依据。

Abstract

The flow field law of bottom of the launch tube was studied by the method of computational fluid dynamics. Firstly, the comparative analysis was conducted on the influence of the presence or absence of a gas baffle in the main stream region on the flow field distribution at the tube bottom and interior ballistic parameters. Secondly, the influence of adding gas baffles with different structures in the main stream region on the flow field distribution and interior ballistic parameters was analyzed. The results indicate that adding a gas flow baffle in the main stream region can effectively reduce the pressure load in the central region of the payload's bottom, which is beneficial for reducing the impact on the payload during launch, but it has little effect on interior ballistic parameters such as the load velocity. Different baffle structures significantly influence the flow field morphology. The flow field at the tube bottom exhibits distinct patterns under different baffle structures, having a significant influence on the local pressure of the gas flow field. The inclined cone structure, concave arc cone structure, and convex arc cone structure can all effectively reduce the maximum pressure on the load. At the same moment, the concave arc cone structure demonstrates the most significant effect in reducing the maximum pressure on the bottom of load, with a decrease of approximately 44%. The muzzle velocity of the load also decreases by about 0.6% under this structure, which should be comprehensively considered in design of the gas baffle structure. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the design of the bottom guide structure of the launcher.

关键词

内弹道 / 筒底流场 / 燃气挡板 / 计算流体力学

Key words

interior ballistics / bottom flow field / gas baffle / computational fluid dynamics

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