浪流耦合下的潜射导弹发射及出水特性研究

Research on Launch and Water-Exit Characteristics of Submarine-Launched Missiles Under Wave-Current Coupling

摘要

潜射导弹作为战略核力量体系的核心装备，研究其在恶劣海况下的水下发射特性对提升发射几率有重要影响。基于斯托克斯五阶波理论，采用边界造波技术实现数值浪流耦合，通过重叠网格方法及六自由度运动方程模拟冷发射条件下的导弹运动过程，建立了浪流耦合下的潜射导弹冷发射过程的数值模型。通过数值仿真揭示了浪流耦合作用下导弹发射过程的空泡演化规律，重点分析了波浪相位角对弹体俯仰特性的影响机制，以及弹体水下运动过程中的动态载荷变化特性。研究结果表明：①空泡断点处形成向上的射流，射流挤压弹尾附着空泡并致使其溃灭，引起弹体竖向力峰值；②空泡断点处形成向下的射流，射流挤压发射筒内空泡引起水锤效应；③弹体水下运动阶段，附着空泡对弹底的作用力诱导弹体受力趋势；④不同出水相位角使得弹体俯仰运动呈差异性演化，且出水相位角为波峰处时偏转角与偏转角速度均为最大，波谷处最小。研究获取的弹体运动参数及载荷变化规律为潜射导弹结构设计与弹道修正算法开发提供了重要理论支撑。

Abstract

As a core component of strategic nuclear forces, submarine-launched missiles are highly affected by launch behavior in rough seas, making the study of their underwater launch characteristics important for improving launch success rates. Based on the fifth-order Stokes wave theory, a wave-current coupled numerical model was established using boundary wave generation. The cold-launch process of a submarine-launched missile was simulated by the overlapping grids method and six-degree-of-freedom motion equations. Numerical simulations reveal the cavity evolution during launch under wave-current coupling, with emphasis on how wave phase angle affects body pitch motion and how dynamic loads vary during underwater motion. The results show that: ① the upward jet at the cavity breakup point compresses the tail-attached cavity and causes its collapse, producing a peak vertical force; ② the downward jet at the cavity breakup point compresses the cavity inside the launch tube, and induces a water-hammer effect; ③ during underwater motion, the force exerted by the attached cavity on the missile base governs the body's load trend; ④ different exit-phase-angles lead to different pitch responses, with both deflection angle and angular velocity reaching their maxima at the wave crest, and their minima at the wave trough. These motion parameters and load laws provide important theoretical support for structural design and trajectory correction algorithm development.

关键词

潜射导弹 / 浪流耦合 / 空泡发展 / 模拟仿真

Key words

submarine-launched missile / wave-current coupling / cavitation evolution / numerical simulation

参考文献

[1] 王一伟, 黄晨光. 高速航行体水下发射水动力学研究进展[J]. 力学进展, 2018, 48(1): 259-298.

[2] WANG Yiwei, HUANG Chenguang. Research progress on hydrodynamics of high speed vehicles in the underwater launching process[J]. Advances in Mechanics, 2018, 48(1): 259-298. (in Chinese)

[3] 李杰, 鲁传敬, 陈鑫, 等. 附着空泡对潜射导弹弹道影响分析[J]. 弹道学报, 2014, 26(3): 54-58.

[4] LI Jie, LU Chuanjing, CHEN Xin, et al. Analysis on influence of attached cavity on the trajectory of submarine launched missile[J]. Journal of Ballistics 2014, 26(3): 54-58. (in Chinese)

[5] 李海龙, 张军, 黄达, 等. 潜射导弹出筒过程流场与运动特性分析[J]. 弹道学报, 2024, 36(4): 104-110.

[6] LI Hailong, ZHANG Jun, HUANG Da, et al. Flow field and motion characteristics analysis of ejection process of submarine-launched missile[J]. Journal of Ballistics 2024, 36(4): 104-110. (in Chinese)

[7] 韦懿珉, 李书田, 于海龙, 等. 潜射导弹出水姿态影响因素研究[J]. 弹道学报, 2024, 36(2): 98-104.

[8] WEI Yimin, LI Shutian, YU Hailong, et al. Research on the factors influencing the exiting-water attitude of submarine launched missile[J]. Journal of Ballistics 2024, 36(2): 98-104. (in Chinese)

[9] 张志洋. 潜射航行体出筒过程多相流动特性及发射筒结构动力响应分析[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学 2022.

[10] ZHANG Zhiyang. Multiphase flow characteristics and dynamic response analysis of launch tube structure during submarine launching[D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology 2022. (in Chinese)

[11] 高山, 施瑶, 潘光, 等. 水下发射航行体尾涡不稳定性分析[J]. 力学学报, 2022, 54(9): 2435-2445.

[12] GAO Shan, SHI Yao, PAN Guang, et al. Study on the wake vortex instability of the projectile launched underwater[J]. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2022, 54(9): 2435-2445. (in Chinese)

[13] 武雨嫣. 潜射航行体齐射出筒过程流场特性分析[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学 2020.

[14] WU Yuyan. Analysis of flow field characteristics of submarine launched vehicle during launching out of cylinder[D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology 2020. (in Chinese)

[15] ZHUANG Q, ZHANG H, ZHAO C, et al. Effects of the launch parameters on trans-phase stability performance and mechanism for submarine-launched missiles model[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2023, 283: 115083.

[16] FENTON J D. A fifth-order stokes theory for steady waves[J]. Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Eng, 1985, 111(2): 216-234.

[17] 王建华. 基于重叠网格技术的船舶操纵运动直接数值模拟[D]. 上海: 上海交通大学 2018.

[18] WANG Jianhua. Direct simulations of ship maneuver using overset grid technique[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University 2018. (in Chinese)

[19] 余勇飞. 波浪的数值模拟及其流场结构分析[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学 2013.

[20] YU Yongfei. Numerical simulation of wave and analysis of its flow field structure[D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology 2013. (in Chinese)

[21] 陈静, 柯世堂, 李文杰, 等. 浅海风-浪-流-海床耦合场非定常时空演化规律及评价指标[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2023, 57(6): 666-679.

[22] CHEN Jing, KE Shitang, LI Wenjie, et al. Unsteady evolution law and evaluation index of shallow sea wind-wave-current-seabed coupling field[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2023, 57(6): 666-679. (in Chinese)

[23] 周炫成. 不同波浪环境下航行体出水过程模拟及载荷特性分析[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学 2014.

[24] ZHOU Xuancheng. Simulations for the water-exit process of underwater vehicles and analyses on the characteristics of loads[D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology 2014. (in Chinese)

[25] 马如相, 洪亮, 刘新月, 等. 不同海况等级对某水下航行体发射影响的仿真分析[J]. 兵器装备工程学报, 2022, 43(7): 203-208， 246.

[26] MA Ruxiang, HONG Liang, LIU Xinyue, et al. Simulation analysis of impact of different sea conditions on launch of a submarine-launched vehicle[J]. Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering, 2022, 43(7): 203-208, 246. (in Chinese)

[27] KIM J, O'SULLIVAN J, READ A. Ringing analysis of a vertical cylinder by Euler overlay method[C]// ASME 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. Rio de Janeiro: ASME, 2012: 855-866.

[28] CHEN T, HUANG W, ZHANG W, et al. Experimental investigation on trajectory stability of high-speed water entry projectiles[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2019, 170: 16-27.