近程防空制导弹药超低空拦截多约束制导律设计

Multi-constrained Guidance Law Design for Ultra-low-altitude Interception of Short-range Air Defence Guided Projectile

摘要

针对近程防空制导弹药在复杂环境下拦截超低空突袭目标时,雷达导引头受多径效应影响,导致跟踪精度降低的问题,基于将弹目视线角约束至布儒斯特角附近以减少杂波干扰、提高制导精度的思路,设计了一种满足多约束条件且快速收敛的非奇异终端滑模高精度制导律。首先,通过构建非奇异快速终端滑模面,并结合新型幂次趋近律,设计了在超低空拦截任务中弹目视线角能够满足布儒斯特角约束的制导律;其次,考虑到近程防空制导弹药飞行过程中的速度衰减特性,在多种典型超低空拦截场景中引入速度衰减的影响;最后,对所设计的制导律进行Lyapunov稳定性分析,并开展数值仿真与对比验证。结果表明,所设计的制导律可以有效拦截目标,且严格满足视线角约束要求,显著缩短满足视线角约束所需的时间,提升近程防空制导弹药对目标的打击精度。本文工作可为近程防空制导弹药的制导律设计提供有效参考。

Abstract

When intercepting ultra-low-altitude penetration targets in complex operational environments, the radar seekers of short-range air defence guided projectiles suffer from degraded tracking accuracy due to multipath effects. Constraining the line-of-sight (LOS) angle near the Brewster angle can mitigate clutter interference and enhance guidance accuracy. Based on this principle, a multi-constrained rapidly convergent nonsingular terminal sliding mode precision guidance law that satisfies multiple constraints and offers fast convergence was developed in this paper. Firstly, a nonsingular fast terminal sliding surface was constructed along with a novel power-based reaching law, leading to a guidance law that enforces the Brewster angle constraint during ultra-low-altitude interception missions. Secondly, considering the practical velocity decay of the projectile during flight, the effect of velocity decay was incorporated into simulations under multiple typical ultra-low-altitude interception scenarios. Then, Lyapunov stability of the designed guidance law was analyzed, and simulations and comparative analyses were carried out. The results demonstrate that the designed guidance law effectively intercepts targets while strictly satisfying LOS angle constraints. It significantly reduces the time required to achieve the angle constraints and enhances strike accuracy and operational reliability of the short-range air defence guided projectiles, thus providing valuable references for guidance law design.

关键词

近程防空 / 制导弹药 / 超低空 / 多约束制导律 / 布儒斯特角

Key words

short-range air defence / guided projectile / ultra-low-altitude / multi-constrained guidance law / Brewster angle

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基金资助

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(30919011401)