奔月任务动力故障情况下火箭弹道－飞船轨道联合重构方法

Joint Reconstruction Method for Rocket Trajectory and Spacecraft Orbit under Propulsion Failure in Lunar Mission

摘要

针对奔月任务火箭动力故障情况下的火箭弹道－飞船轨道联合重构问题，将地月相对运动关系纳入制导重构框架，提出了一种火箭弹道与飞船轨道的序贯求解方法。通过地月转移运动的等效转化，实现了火箭弹道和转移轨道约束之间的解耦，将原问题简化成满足相应约束的转移轨道搜索和进入上述转移轨道的火箭弹道重构两个子问题。首先，基于重叠圆锥曲线法设计了满足地月转移运动约束的轨道搜索方法；然后，以搜索得到的轨道作为目标，采用自适应配点法求解入轨弹道重构问题，并通过构建等效出发拼接条件，确保重构弹道与转移轨道在入轨点前后转移运动的一致性。最后，对运载火箭三级二次飞行过程发生单台发动机故障的场景开展仿真验证。结果表明，提出的序贯求解方法收敛迅速，能够通过调整轨道面保证船箭运动与地月转移的互相匹配，降低火箭飞行时间延长对飞船地月转移任务的影响。研究工作为以地外天体为目标的火箭任务重构提供了一种新的思路，具有一定的参考价值。

Abstract

To address the joint reconstruction of rocket trajectory and spacecraft orbit under propulsion failure in lunar missions, the Earth-Moon relative motion was incorporated into the guidance reconstruction framework, and a sequential solution approach was proposed in this paper. By establishing an equivalent transformation of the Earth-Moon transfer motion, the coupling between the trajectory and orbital constraints was decoupled, thus reducing the original problem into two subproblems: a constrained search for feasible transfer orbit, and the reconstruction of the rocket trajectory to inject spacecraft into the target transfer orbit. First, the overlapped conic method was employed to develop a transfer orbit search strategy that satisfies the Earth-Moon transfer motion constraints. Then, taking the obtained transfer orbit as the target, the rocket trajectory reconstruction problem was solved via an adaptive collocation method, with equivalent departure matching conditions constructed to ensure the consistency of the transfer motion between the reconstructed trajectory and the transfer orbit around the insertion point. A case study involving a single-engine failure during the second phase of the third-stage ascent process was simulated. The results demonstrate that the proposed sequential approach achieves rapid convergence, maintains consistency between rocket-spacecraft motion and Earth-Moon transfer by adjusting the orbital plane, and mitigates the adverse effects of prolonged rocket flight on the lunar transfer mission. This method provides a new conceptual direction for rocket mission reconstruction in extraterrestrial exploration and provides valuable insights for future research.

关键词

运载火箭 / 地月转移 / 故障重构 / 轨迹重规划

Key words

launch vehicle / Earth-Moon transfer / fault reconstruction / trajectory re-planning

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基金资助

“载人航天工程科技创新团队”资助()