楔形头杆状弹体高速入水弹道及动力载荷特性研究

Study on Ballistic and Load Characteristics of Wedge-shaped Rod-like Projectiles During High-speed Water Entry

摘要

楔形头杆状弹体在高速入水过程中表现出复杂的流体动力学特性,其偏转运动和载荷分布受非均匀流场显著影响。为深入揭示非对称弹体的入水动力学机制,本文基于Star-CCM+平台,结合SST k-ω湍流模型、VOF界面捕捉方法及重叠网格技术,建立了楔形头杆状弹体高速入水的三维数值模型,并采用Schnerr-Sauer空化模型描述空泡相变过程。针对100~900 m/s入水速度与30°、45°、60°、90°楔形角度的弹体入水工况开展仿真,系统分析了楔形头杆状弹体入水过程中的弹道偏转、质心轴向加速度、压力响应及载荷时空分布特性,并通过与实验结果对比验证了模型有效性。结果表明,楔形头杆状弹体的入水弹道表现出向非切角侧的偏转趋势,楔形角越小、入水速度越高,弹体的偏转速度越快。入水过程中,弹体质心轴向加速度存在两次峰值,第一次峰值由入水瞬间冲击产生,第二次峰值则源于弹体偏转至一定角度后尾部与空泡壁的撞击,导致加速度再次增大。此外,弹体入水后的载荷峰值随时间逐渐衰减,且载荷作用区域从头部向尾部转移。本研究为楔形头弹体的结构优化设计、入水弹道控制及相关工程应用提供了理论参考。

Abstract

Wedge-nosed rod-like projectiles exhibit complex hydrodynamic characteristics during high-speed water entry,with their trajectory deflection and load distribution significantly influenced by the non-uniform flow fields. To further reveal the water entry dynamics of asymmetric projectiles,a three-dimensional numerical model was established based on the Star-CCM+platform. The model incorporates the SST k-ω turbulence model,Volume of Fluid(VOF)interface-capturing method,and overset grid technique. The Schnerr-Sauer cavitation model was employed to describe the phase transition process of cavities. Numerical simulations were conducted for water entry velocities ranging from 100 to 900 m/s and wedge angles of 30°,45°,60°,and 90°. The trajectory deflection,axial acceleration,pressure response,and spatiotemporal load distribution during water entry were systematically investigated. The numerical results were validated against experimental data. The results indicate that the projectile deflects toward the non-chamfered side during water entry. The deflection speed of the projectile increases as the wedge angle decreases and the impact velocity increases. The axial acceleration of the projectile centroid exhibits two distinct peaks:the first peak is caused by the initial impact upon water entry,while the second peak results from the collision between the projectile tail and the cavity wall after a certain degree of deflection,leading to a secondary increase in acceleration. In addition,the load peak gradually decreases over time and shifts from the nose to the tail during water entry. This study provides a theoretical reference for the structural optimization design,water entry trajectory control,and related engineering applications of wedge-nosed projectiles.

关键词

楔形头 / 高速入水 / 弹道偏转 / 冲击载荷 / 空化

Key words

wedge nose / high-speed water entry / trajectory deflection / impact load / cavitation

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(11072072)