反辐射导弹对地攻击中的目标在线估计与协同制导方法

Online Target Estimation and Cooperative Guidance Method for Anti-radiation Missile in Ground Attack

摘要

反辐射导弹被动雷达导引头仅能获取目标角度信息,无法测量相对距离,致使目标位置和速度估计精度不足,从而制约打击效能。与此同时,多弹协同打击作为提升敌方雷达摧毁效率的主流作战模式,面临三维协同制导中的通道耦合等挑战。针对上述问题,利用单弹高精度定位与测速信息,采用扩展卡尔曼滤波(extended Kalman filter,EKF)算法实现对目标状态的估计;融合多弹分布式测量数据,采用集中式EKF算法实现多弹协同估计,并对比了纯被动、主动及主被动复合3种导引头配置下的EKF估计精度。同时研究了一种具有攻击角度约束的时间协同制导律,通过设计协同平面和追踪平面,将三维制导律设计转化为二维制导律设计,实现了导弹俯仰通道和偏航通道的解耦;在此基础上构建“在线估计-实时制导”的闭环系统,实现边估计边制导,有效规避误差累积。仿真结果表明,所提出的EKF结合多弹融合方法能够将目标估计位置误差降低50%,收敛速度明显提升,所设计的制导律可实现对雷达目标的有效协同打击,为反辐射导弹的协同制导律设计提供技术支撑。

Abstract

Passive radar seeker used in anti-radiation missile can only acquire target azimuth information without relative range information, making it difficult to precisely determine target position and velocity, thereby limiting strike effectiveness. In addition, although multi-missile coordinated strike represents the mainstream operational approach for enhancing enemy radar destruction efficiency, it faces the challenges such as channel coupling in three-dimensional coordinated guidance. To address these issues, an extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm was used to estimate target using high-precision position and velocity data from a single missile. Distributed measurement data from multiple missiles were fused through a centralized EKF framework to achieve cooperative multi-missile state estimation. The estimation accuracy of the EKF was compared across three seeker configurations: purely passive, purely active, and active-passive hybrid. In cooperative guidance design, a time-cooperative guidance law with attack angle constraints was investigated. By designing cooperative and tracking planes, the three-dimensional guidance law was transformed into a two-dimensional problem, thereby decoupling the pitch and yaw channels. A closed-loop “online estimation-real-time guidance” system was established, achieving simultaneous estimation and guidance to eliminate error accumulation. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed EKF based multi-missile fusion method reduces target position estimation error by 50% and significantly enhances convergence speed. The guidance law enables effective coordinated strikes against radar targets, providing technical support for the design of the guidance law for anti-radiation missile.

关键词

反辐射导弹 / 目标估计 / 协同估计 / 攻击角度约束 / 攻击时间约束

Key words

anti-radiation missile / target estimation / cooperative estimation / attack angle constraint / attack time constraint

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基金资助

多模态智能机器人及系统集成教育部集成攻关大平台项目(2024CX02T02)