波浪环境下航行器高速入水流固耦合特性分析

Analysis of Fluid-structure Interaction Characteristics for High-speed Water Entry of a Vehicle in Wave Environment

摘要

在真实的海洋环境中,航行器跨介质入水过程不可避免会受到波浪的影响。为了获取波浪环境下航行器入水过程的流固耦合特性,基于数值造波技术及流固耦合(FSI)方法,建立了波浪环境下航行器高速入水的数值计算模型。对比分析了考虑流固耦合效应的FSI方法与传统CFD方法在高速入水计算中的差异。针对入水速度为 150 m/s时,不同波浪高度及入水位置条件下的航行器入水过程开展数值模拟,获得了空泡演化与冲击载荷特性。研究结果表明,采用FSI方法时,航行器在高速入水过程中产生弹性形变,吸收了部分冲击能量,其冲击加速度及头部压力峰值较传统CFD方法分别降低了14.0%和12.7%,且入水速度衰减变慢;随着波浪高度的增加,自由液面附近的流速上升、压力降低,促进了空泡的扩张,并延迟了空泡闭合时间,但由于波浪传播速度远小于航行体入水速度,波浪高度对冲击载荷的影响相对较小;对比不同入水位置的计算结果发现,波峰处入水时空泡更易扩张,而波谷处入水则抑制空泡形成;波前与波后入水时的空泡呈非对称分布,表面闭合均先发生于靠近波峰一侧,且航行器会额外受到径向力,其峰值约为轴向力峰值的1/10。

Abstract

In real ocean environments,vehicles inevitably experience the effects of waves during trans-medium water entry process. To investigate the fluid-structure interaction(FSI)characteristics of a vehicle during water entry under wave environments,a numerical model for high-speed water entry was established based on numerical wave generation technology and the FSI method. The differences between the FSI method,which accounts for fluid-structure coupling effects,and the traditional CFD method in simulating the high-speed water entry process were compared. Numerical simulations were conducted at a water entry velocity of 150 m/s with varying wave heights and entry locations to investigate cavity evolution and impact load characteristics. The results indicate that when FSI is considered,the vehicle undergoes elastic deformation during high-speed water entry,absorbing part of the impact energy. Consequently,the peak impact acceleration and peak head pressure are reduced by 14.0% and 12.7%,respectively,compared to those obtained with CFD method,while the decay of the water entry velocity becomes slower. As wave height increases,the flow velocity near the free surface increases while the pressure decreases,promoting cavity expansion and delaying cavity closure. However,since the wave propagation speed is much lower than the vehicle’s water entry speed,the effect of wave height on the impact loads is relatively small. When the vehicle enters the water at different locations relative to the wave phase,the cavity expansion is enhanced at the wave crest but suppressed at the wave trough. An asymmetric cavity forms when entering on the windward or leeward side of the wave,with surface closure consistently occurring first on the side closer to the wave crest. Furthermore,the vehicle is subjected to an additional radial force,the peak value of which is approximately one-tenth of the peak axial force.

关键词

高速入水 / 流固耦合 / 波浪环境 / 冲击载荷 / 空泡演化

Key words

high-speed water entry / fluid-structure interaction / wave environment / impact load / cavity evolution

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金重点项目(U2341285)

国家自然科学基金重点项目(U21B200312)

国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2805200)

中央高校青年教师科研创新能力支持项目