圆柱体垂直异步入水空泡及运动干扰特性研究

Cavity Evolution and Motion Interference Characteristics of Cylinders During Asynchronous Vertical Water Entry

摘要

物体入水引发的空泡演化、冲击载荷及复杂流场结构是水动力学领域的经典问题。随着跨介质航行器的不断发展,多航行体入水问题已成为当前研究热点。本文聚焦圆柱体垂直异步入水过程,采用数值模拟方法深入研究入水参数对空泡形态、流场结构及圆柱体运动特性的影响规律。首先,基于改进延迟分离涡湍流模型,建立了高速异步入水数值模拟方法,并通过实验数据验证了该方法的有效性。其次,针对圆柱体垂直异步入水过程中的空泡演化机理与运动干扰特性开展数值模拟,重点分析入水时间间隔对空泡演化与圆柱体运动干扰特性的调控作用。结果表明:在空泡演化方面,垂直异步入水过程中存在典型的“双涡管”结构,揭示了垂直异步入水过程双空泡的三维非对称演化机制;在运动特性方面,入水时间间隔对首、次发圆柱体的偏移行为和稳定性特征具有显著的控制作用。随着入水时间间隔的增大,圆柱体运动稳定性显著提升,且次发圆柱体在首发空泡尾流的诱导下表现出明显的减阻效应。

Abstract

The cavity evolution,impact loads,and complex flow field structures induced by the water entry of bodies constitute a classic problem in the field of hydrodynamics. With the continuous development of trans-media vehicles,the water entry of multiple bodies has emerged as a research hotspot. This paper focuses on the asynchronous vertical water entry of cylinders and employs numerical simulation methods to investigate the effects of entry parameters on cavity morphology,flow field structures,and the motion characteristics of the cylinders. First,a numerical simulation method for high-speed asynchronous water entry was established based on the Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation(IDDES)turbulence model,and its validity was verified against experimental data. Second,numerical simulations were conducted to explore the mechanisms of cavity evolution and motion interference during the asynchronous vertical water entry process,with a focus on analyzing the influence of the time interval on these characteristics. The results indicate that,regarding cavity evolution,a typical “double vortex tube” structure exists during the process,revealing the three-dimensional asymmetric evolution mechanism of dual cavities in asynchronous vertical water entry. In terms of motion characteristics,the time interval plays a significant role in controlling the deflection behavior and stability of both the leading and trailing cylinders. As the time interval increases,the motion stability of the cylinders improves significantly. Furthermore,the trailing cylinder exhibits a distinct drag reduction effect induced by the wake of the leading cavity.

关键词

跨介质航行器 / 垂直入水 / 异步 / 空泡演化 / 运动干扰

Key words

trans-media vehicle / vertical water entry / asynchronous water entry / cavity evolution / motion interference

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(11972138)