微型涡流发生器对通气空泡融合特性的影响研究

Influence of Micro-vortex Generators on Merging Characteristics of Ventilated Cavitation

摘要

在水下航行体超空泡减阻技术中,多孔通气形成的离散空泡能否快速融合并稳定覆盖壁面,直接影响减阻效果和航行稳定性。针对相邻通气空泡融合滞后、覆盖不连续等问题,本文提出了在通气孔上游布置微型涡流发生器(MVG)的优化方案。基于均相流模型、RNG k-ε湍流模型和隐式VOF多相流模型,建立了两孔通气平板数值计算方法,研究了MVG对通气空泡融合行为、流场结构及水动力特性的影响规律。结果表明:MVG后缘诱导形成的成对旋涡增强了通气孔附近的横向动量交换,促进气体向展向扩散,使通气空泡呈现更明显的横向铺展趋势。与普通平板相比,加装MVG后空泡长度和厚度均有所增加,空泡核心区融合位置明显提前。同时,MVG提高了空泡内部的展向速度、湍动能和近壁涡量强度,使诱导涡结构在下游具有更强的保持能力,为空泡持续发展和融合提供动力支撑。此外,MVG能够削弱通气孔前缘的局部高压区,降低壁面压力波动,提高平板表面压力分布的均匀性。在空泡稳定发展阶段,加装MVG后平板时均阻力系数由0.015 65降低至0.012 70,降低了约19%,且阻力波动幅值明显减小。本文研究结果可为通气超空泡减阻技术的优化设计与工程应用提供理论参考。

Abstract

In supercavitating drag reduction technology for underwater vehicles,the ability of discrete ventilated cavities generated by porous gas injection to rapidly merge and stably cover the wall surface plays a crucial role in determining drag reduction performance and navigation stability. To address the problems of delayed cavity merging and discontinuous coverage,a micro vortex generator(MVG)installed upstream of the ventilation holes was proposed. A numerical model of a two-hole ventilated flat plate was established. The homogeneous flow model,the RNG k-ε turbulence model,and the implicit Volume of Fluid(VOF)multiphase model were adopted in the model. The effects of the MVG on cavity merging behavior,flow-field structures,and hydrodynamic characteristics were systematically investigated. The results show that the counter-rotating vortex pair generated at the trailing edge of the MVG enhances transverse momentum transport near the ventilation holes and promotes the spanwise spreading of gas. As a result,the ventilated cavities exhibit more pronounced lateral expansion. Compared with the baseline flat plate,both the cavity length and thickness increase after MVG installation,and the cavity core region merges significantly earlier. In addition,the MVG increases the spanwise velocity,turbulent kinetic energy,and near-wall vorticity within the cavity,enabling the induced vortex structures to persist farther downstream and providing sustained momentum support for cavity development and merging. The MVG also weakens the local high-pressure region upstream of the ventilation holes,reduces wall-pressure fluctuations,and improves the uniformity of surface pressure distribution. During the stable cavity development stage,the time-averaged drag coefficient decreases from 0.015 65 to 0.012 70 after MVG installation,corresponding to a drag reduction rate of approximately 19%. The research findings of this study provide a theoretical guidance for the optimization and engineering application of ventilated supercavitation drag reduction technology.

关键词

超空泡 / 涡流发生器 / 通气空泡 / 空泡融合 / 流动控制

Key words

supercavitation / vortex generator / ventilated cavity / cavity merging / flow control

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金(12293000)

国家自然科学基金(12293004)

国家自然科学基金(12293003)

国家自然科学基金(52067108)