粗糙带高度对半球头型回转体片空化流动特性的影响

Effect of Roughness Strip Height on Sheet Cavitation Characteristics of a Hemispherical Axisymmetric Body

摘要

水下航行体在高速运动过程中,头部区域易发生空化现象,伴随产生的噪声及压力脉动会严重影响其隐蔽性与水动力性能。为探究表面粗糙带对水下航行体空化发展的抑制作用,本文采用γ-Re_θt湍流模型与Schnerr-Sauer空化模型,对半球头型回转体开展了不同高度半球形粗糙结构下的空化流动数值模拟,系统分析了粗糙带高度对空泡形态、流场结构及回转体阻力特性的影响规律。结果表明:与光滑回转体相比,增设表面粗糙带对空泡形态、流场结构及回转体阻力均产生显著影响。随着粗糙带高度的增加,空泡逐渐被截断,空化起始位置向下游延后,空泡长度呈现先减小后增加的变化特征,空泡厚度呈非单调变化。适当高度的粗糙带可在其上游形成局部高压区,有效提升壁面压力,从而对空化发展起到一定的抑制作用。增设粗糙带会显著增大回转体阻力,且阻力随粗糙带高度增加而单调递增。压差阻力是总阻力的主要组成部分,摩擦阻力随粗糙高度的变化规律与空泡湿长基本呈负相关性。本文研究结果可为水下航行体的空化抑制设计与水动力性能优化提供理论参考。

Abstract

During high-speed motion of underwater vehicle,cavitation is prone to occur at its head region. The accompanying noise and pressure fluctuations can severely degrade the vehicle’s stealth performance and hydrodynamic characteristics. To investigate the suppression effect of surface roughness strips on cavitation development,numerical simulations of cavitating flow were conducted on a hemispherical-headed axisymmetric body with hemispherical roughness strip of different heights. The simulations adopted the γ-Re_θt transition turbulence model and Schnerr-Sauer cavitation model,aiming to systematically analyze the influence of roughness strip height on cavitation morphology,flow field structure,and drag characteristics of the axisymmetric body. The results show that,compared with the smooth axisymmetric body,the addition of surface roughness strips significantly affects cavity morphology,flow field structure,and hydrodynamic drag of the body. As the roughness strip height increases,the cavity is progressively truncated,and the cavitation inception position shifts downstream. The cavity length exhibits a variation trend of first decreasing and then increasing,while the cavity thickness varies non-monotonically. An appropriately sized roughness strip generates a local high-pressure region upstream of itself,which effectively elevates the wall pressure and thereby suppressing cavitation development to a certain extent. The addition of roughness strips significantly increases the drag of the axisymmetric body,with the drag increasing as the strip height increases. Pressure drag is the main component of total drag,and the variation of friction drag with roughness strip height is generally negatively correlated with the wetted cavity length. The research findings of this paper provide a theoretical reference for the cavitation suppression design and hydrodynamic performance optimization of underwater vehicles.

关键词

半球头回转体 / 粗糙带 / 片空化 / 空化抑制

Key words

hemispherical headed / roughness strips / sheet cavitation / cavitation suppression

参考文献

[1] 边金尧, 徐松林, 白文平. 回转体空化研究现状及展望[J]. 舰船电子工程, 2012, 32(7):4-7.

[2] BIAN Jinyao, XU Songlin, BAI Wenping. Research on progress and development trends of cavitation around solid of revolution[J]. Ship Electronic Engineering, 2012, 32(7):4-7. (in Chinese)

[3] ARAKERI V H, ACOSTA A J. Viscous effects in the inception of cavitation on axisymmetric bodies[J]. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 1973, 103(4):519-527.

[4] PAN S, YANG Z, HSU P. Cavitation inception tests on axisymmetric headforms[J]. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 1981, 103(2):268-272.

[5] KATZ J, O’HERN T J. Cavitation in large scale shear flows[J]. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 1986, 108(3):373-376.

[6] 邢浩杰, 胡常莉, 王志英, 等. 抑制水下航行体初生空化的粗糙带参数优化设计[J]. 船舶力学, 2025, 29(5):732-741.

[7] XING Haojie, HU Changli, WANG Zhiying, et al. Optimal design of rough band parameters for suppression of incipient cavitation in underwater vehicles[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2025, 29(5):732-741. (in Chinese)

[8] 邬伟, 熊鹰. 一种抗空化翼型修形设计方法[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2013, 47(6):878-883.

[9] WU Wei, XIONG Ying. A reshaping method for anti-cavitating hydrofoil design[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2013, 47(6):878-883. (in Chinese)

[10] 王巍, 唐滔, 卢盛鹏, 等. 水翼吸力面布置凹槽抑制空化研究[J]. 农业工程学报, 2019, 35(2):40-47.

[11] WANG Wei, TANG Tao, LU Shengpeng, et al. Investigation of cavitation suppression by arranging pits on hydrofoil suction side[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2019, 35(2):40-47. (in Chinese)

[12] 赵伟国, 徐泽鑫, 郁金红, 等. 离心泵叶轮后盖板粗糙带抑制空化效果分析[J]. 华中科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2020, 48(2):16-22.

[13] ZHAO Weiguo, XU Zexin, YU Jinhong, et al. Effect of hub-covered roughness area in centrifugal pump on cavitation suppression[J]. J Huazhong Univof Sci & Tech(Natural Science Edition), 2020, 48(2):16-22. (in Chinese)

[14] 戴月进, 张媛媛, 黄典贵. 水翼表面粗糙带对空化抑制效果的数值研究[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2012, 33(5):770-773.

[15] DAI Yuejin, ZHANG Yuanyuan, HUANG Diangui. Numerical study of the impact of hydrofoil surface roughness on cavitation suppression[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2012, 33(5):770-773. (in Chinese)

[16] 马龙彪. 翼型表面微结构抑制空化流动特性研究[D]. 杭州: 中国计量大学, 2023.

[17] MA Longbiao. Study on cavitation suppression characteristics of microstructures on hydrofoil surface[D]. Hangzhou: China Jiliang University, 2023. (in Chinese)

[18] 羿琦. 水翼表面微结构设计及其对空化流场影响研究[D]. 大连: 大连理工大学, 2017.

[19] YI Qi. Microstructure design of hydrofoil surface and its influence on cavitation flow field[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2017. (in Chinese)

[20] 陈柳, 曹琳琳, 赵国寿, 等. 仿生前缘流动与空化控制机理的数值研究[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2019, 40(10):2291-2298.

[21] CHEN Liu, CAO Linlin, ZHAO Guoshou, et al. Numerical study on the mechanism of flow and cavitation control by leading-edge tubercles on hydrofoil[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2019, 40(10):2291-2298. (in Chinese)

[22] 施红辉, 孙亚亚, 周杨洁, 等. 水下航行体表面凹槽数对超空泡流场影响的数值模拟[J]. 弹道学报, 2017, 29(1):44-50.

[23] SHI Honghui, SUN Yaya, ZHOU Yangjie, et al. Numerical study of the supercavitation flow-field around underwater vehicle with different surface-grooves[J]. Journal of Ballistics, 2017, 29(1):44-50. (in Chinese)

[24] 胡雨博, 余永刚. 高速射弹表面超空泡形成特性的数值计算分析[J]. 弹道学报, 2020, 32(1):1-8.

[25] HU Yubo, YU Yonggang. Numerical calculation and analysis of supercavitation formation characteristics of high-speed projectile[J]. Journal of Ballistics, 2020, 32(1):1-8. (in Chinese)

[26] 徐维晖, 侯晓, 胡孟, 等. 粗糙度对离心泵空化过程的影响[J]. 排灌机械工程学报, 2018, 36(3):197-203.

[27] XU Weihui, HOU Xiao, HU Meng, et al. Impact of wall roughness on cavitating process in centrifugal pumps[J]. Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering, 2018, 36(3):197-203. (in Chinese)

[28] 傅琳琅, 胡常莉. 粗糙带对绕平头回转体初生空化流动特性的影响研究[J]. 船舶力学, 2022, 26(8):1120-1128.

[29] FU Linlang, HU Changli. Influence of rough band on characteristics of inception cavitating flows around an axisymmetric body with blunt headform[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2022, 26(8):1120-1128. (in Chinese)

[30] 胡常莉. 绕回转体空化流动特性与机理研究[D]. 北京: 北京理工大学, 2015.

[31] HU Changli. Study on the physical mechanism of cavitating flows around axisymmetric bodies[D]. Beijing: Beijing Institute of Technology, 2015. (in Chinese)

[32] LANGRY R B, MENTER F R, LIKKI S R, et al. A correlation-based transition model using local variables:Part II—test cases and industrial applications[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2006, 128(3):423-434.

[33] SCHNERR G H, SAUER J. Physical and numerical modeling of unsteady cavitation dynamics[C]// Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Multiphase Flow. New Orleans: ICMF, 2001.

基金资助

国家自然科学基金(52076108)