射弹带攻角斜入水过程数值模拟研究

Numerical Simulation of Oblique Water Entry of Projectile With Initial Angle of Attack

摘要

超空泡射弹凭借独特的减阻机理,能够在水下保持较高速度和较远射程,已成为水下近程防御、反鱼雷及水下突防等领域的重点发展方向。射弹高速斜入水过程中,初始攻角是影响入水空泡形态演变与弹道稳定性的关键因素之一。为研究超空泡射弹斜入水过程中初始攻角对入水空泡及弹道稳定性的影响,本文基于射弹入水空化三维非定常流场数值模型,针对入水角为60°、速度为1 000 m/s、初始攻角±1.5°范围内的射弹斜入水工况开展了系统数值仿真,重点分析初始入水攻角对流场结构、流体动力特性及运动特性的影响。结果表明:超空泡射弹斜入水过程中,入水空泡呈轻微的不对称特征分布,入水攻角与空泡不对称性的耦合作用决定尾翼穿刺空泡的程度。入水攻角对空泡形态影响显著,当入水攻角在±0.5°以内时,可形成未被穿刺的完整空泡。斜入水阶段,入水攻角主要影响升力与俯仰力矩,正攻角下弹体尾部撞击空泡壁会产生附加阻力。进入稳定阶段后,初始攻角的影响逐渐消失,短时间内弹体转角变化可忽略,各流体动力系数趋于平稳。本文研究结果可为超空泡射弹的入水姿态控制与结构优化设计提供理论参考。

Abstract

Supercavitating projectiles,leveraging their unique drag reduction mechanism,can maintain high speed and long range underwater. They have emerged as a pivotal development direction in fields such as underwater short-range defense,anti-torpedo operations,and underwater penetration. During high-speed oblique water entry,the initial angle of attack is one of the key factors influencing cavity evolution and ballistic stability. To investigate this effect,numerical simulations were conducted based on a three-dimensional unsteady flow field numerical model for projectile water entry. The simulations focused on oblique water entry conditions with a water entry angle of 60°,an entry velocity of 1 000 m/s,and an initial angle of attack ranging from -1.5° to+1.5°. The effects of initial water entry angles of attack on the flow field characteristics,hydrodynamic characteristics,and motion characteristics were analyzed. The results show that during oblique water entry of the supercavitating projectile,the cavitation exhibits slightly asymmetric characteristics. The coupling effect between the water entry angle of attack and cavitation asymmetry determines the extent of tail-fin cavity penetration. The angle of attack exerts a significant influence on the cavitation shape. When the angle of attack is controlled within ±0.5°,a complete cavitation without being pierced can be formed. During the oblique water entry phase,the angle of attack mainly affects lift and pitch moment. Under a positive angle of attack,the impact of projectile tail on the cavitation wall generates additional drag. In the stable phase,the influence of the initial angle of attack gradually diminishes,the change in the projectile rotation angle can be neglected within a short period,and all hydrodynamic coefficients tend to stabilize. The research findings of this paper provide a theoretical reference for the water entry attitude control and structural optimization design of supercavitating projectiles.

关键词

超空泡射弹 / 入水弹道 / 入水空泡 / 流体动力特性 / 弹道稳定性

Key words

supercavitating projectile / water entry trajectory / water entry cavitation / hydrodynamic characteristics / trajectory stability

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(52571370)