尾部附体对超空泡航行器弹道振荡特性的影响

Effect of Tail Appendages on Ballistic Oscillation Characteristics of Supercavitating Vehicles

摘要

超空泡航行器在高速航行时,尾部流场的非定常演化与空泡-刚体强耦合作用易诱发复杂的弹道振荡,严重制约其高速稳定性与运动可控性。尾部附体构型是调控航行器振荡特性、改善动态稳定性的关键。为揭示尾部附体对超空泡航行器振荡特性的作用机理,本文采用数值仿真方法开展高速直航工况下航行器非定常运动特性研究。基于VOF多相流模型、Schnerr-Sauer空化模型与Realizable k-ε湍流模型,建立了四自由度流场与航行器运动耦合数值模型,对比分析了无附体、四尾舵及双直舵三种尾部布局下的非定常运动规律。结果表明:无附体超空泡航行器的弹道呈现典型“类圆锥”振荡特性,弹道周期为0.079 5 s,姿态角振荡幅值约为1°,俯仰与偏航相位差约为1/4周期;四尾舵布局航行器尾部受力显著增大,弹道周期减短至0.073 s,姿态角振荡幅值约为2°;双直舵构型存在显著的动力学不对称性,其对偏航方向的振荡具有显著抑制作用,但使俯仰角的振荡幅值增加至1.5°左右,弹道周期为0.079 6 s。本文研究结果可为超空泡航行器舵系优化设计与姿态稳定控制提供理论依据。

Abstract

During high-speed navigation of a supercavitating vehicle,the unsteady evolution of the wake flow field and the strong cavity-rigid body coupling can induce complex ballistic oscillations,which severely limits its high-speed stability and motion controllability. The configuration of tail appendages is critical for regulating oscillation characteristics and improving dynamic stability. To reveal the mechanism of tail appendages on the oscillation characteristics of supercavitating vehicles,numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the unsteady motion characteristics under high-speed straight navigation conditions. Based on the VOF multiphase flow model,Schnerr-Sauer cavitation model,and Realizable k-ε turbulence model,a four-degree-of-freedom numerical model coupling the flow field and vehicle motion was established. The unsteady motion characteristics of three configurations,namely non-appendage,four-rudder,and twin vertical rudder layouts,were compared and analyzed. The results show that the trajectory of the non-appendage supercavitating vehicle presents typical “conical-like” oscillation characteristics,with a period of 0.079 5 s,an attitude angle oscillation amplitude of approximately 1°,and a phase difference of about 1/4 period between pitch and yaw. The tail hydrodynamic loads on the four-rudder configuration are significantly increased,the trajectory period is shortened to 0.073 s,and the attitude angle oscillation amplitude is about 2°. The twin vertical rudder configuration exhibits significant dynamic asymmetry. The vertical rudders effectively suppress yaw oscillation,but the pitch angle oscillation amplitude increases to 1.5° with a trajectory period of 0.079 6 s. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the optimal design of the rudder system and attitude stability control of supercavitating vehicles.

关键词

超空泡航行器 / 振荡特性 / 尾舵 / 弹道周期

Key words

supercavitating vehicle / oscillation characteristics / tail rudder / trajectory period

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(52571370)