不同浮冰覆盖率下结构物串联入水空泡演化特性试验研究

Experimental Investigation of Cavity Evolution During Tandem Water Entry of Bodies Under Different Ice Coverage Ratios

摘要

为揭示浮冰环境对结构物串联入水空泡演化的作用机理,本文基于高速摄像技术开展了不同浮冰覆盖率下结构物串联入水试验。通过对比分析无冰与不同浮冰覆盖率下的入水过程,将空泡演化划分为空泡扩张、闭合与溃灭三个阶段,并总结了浮冰覆盖率对空泡演化特性的影响规律。结果表明:浮冰覆盖率显著影响串联入水空泡演化与动力学特性。浮冰通过限制流体回流抑制空泡的轴向与径向扩展;随着覆盖率的增加,空泡内外压差增大,导致空泡闭合加速,同时次发结构物对气流的扰动会改变首发结构物空泡的闭合过程。在溃灭阶段,浮冰的存在加剧了空泡失稳,进而引发首发结构物运动失稳。结构物速度呈现空泡扩张期急剧下降,闭合期衰减减缓,溃灭期衰减再次加快的阶段衰减特征;浮冰覆盖率越高,动能转移效应越强,速度衰减幅度越大。浮冰覆盖率与结构物水平偏移量呈正相关;无冰工况下结构物运动轨迹较为稳定,而高覆盖率工况下结构物与浮冰频繁碰撞,导致水平偏移量增加,运动稳定性降低。此外,随着浮冰覆盖率的增加,空泡长度及其峰值均呈增长趋势。本文研究工作可为冰区跨介质航行器设计提供实验依据。

Abstract

To clarify the influence mechanism of floating ice on cavity evolution during tandem water entry,a series of tandem water entry experiments under different floating ice coverage ratios were conducted using high-speed imaging technology. The tandem water entry processes under ice-free and various floating ice coverage conditions were compared. The cavity evolution process was divided into three stages:expansion,closure,and collapse. The effects of ice coverage ratios on the cavity evolution characteristics were systematically investigated. The results show that floating ice significantly affects both the cavity evolution and dynamic characteristics. It suppresses the axial and radial expansion of the cavity by restricting fluid backflow. As the ice coverage ratio increases,the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the cavity increases,which accelerates cavity closure. In addition,airflow disturbances induced by the trailing body alter the closure process of the cavity generated by the leading body. During the collapse stage,the presence of floating ice intensifies cavity instability,resulting in unstable motion of the leading body. The velocity attenuation of the body exhibits a three-stage characteristic:a rapid decrease during cavity expansion,a slower attenuation during cavity closure,and an accelerated reduction during cavity collapse. A higher floating ice coverage ratio enhances the kinetic energy transfer effect and lead to greater velocity attenuation. Meanwhile,the horizontal displacement of the body is positively correlated with the floating ice coverage ratio. Under ice-free condition,the motion trajectory remains relatively stable,whereas under high ice coverage conditions,frequent collisions increase the horizontal displacement and reduce the motion stability of the bodies. In addition,both the cavity length and its peak value increase with the ice coverage ratio. The present study provides experimental references for the design of trans-media vehicle in ice-covered regions.

关键词

浮冰环境 / 串联入水 / 入水试验 / 空泡演化 / 运动特性

Key words

floating ice environment / tandem water entry / water entry experiments / cavity evolution / dynamic characteristics

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金(52201385)

山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目(2024-114)

中央引导地方科技发展资金(YDZJSX2025D040)