荒漠草原混牧牛羊的放牧行为特征
Grazing behavior traits of cattle and sheep on mixed pasture in desert steppe
荒漠草原混合放牧家畜的行为特征对草地资源的可持续利用具有重要意义。本研究在内蒙古自治区锡林郭勒盟镶黄旗的荒漠草原牛羊混合放牧牧场开展。试验选取了畜群中的4头牛与8只羊,通过分别佩戴载有三轴加速度传感器的GPS定位项圈,分析了混牧牛羊放牧时间(GTIME)与放牧活动水平(GODBA)的时间动态,并探讨了牛羊放牧行为特征对草地资源月份变化的响应模式。结果表明,荒漠草原混牧牛羊的GTIME与GODBA呈显著正相关关系(R2>0.60),且牛羊的GODBA对草地资源的响应模式存在差异。其中,牛受到地上生物量的正向调控(P<0.05),受到Shannon指数的负向调控(P<0.01)。而羊则受到地上生物量与毒杂草重要值的负向调控(P<0.001),以及Shannon指数与牧草粗蛋白含量的正向调控(P<0.001)。并且,混牧牛羊24 h的行为模式均表现出“多峰”特征,且随月份变化有收缩的趋势。同时,牛羊不同行为之间的活动水平存在显著差异,且羊的活动水平整体高于牛(P<0.05)。
Understanding of the behavioral traits of mixed-grazed livestock in desert steppe is important when planning the sustainable use of grassland resources. This study was carried out in a desert pasture with mixed-grazing by cattle and sheep in Boarder Yellow Banner, Xilingol League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. Four cattle and eight sheep from the herds were selected to wear GPS collars containing three-axis acceleration sensors, and their temporal dynamics of grazing time (GTIME) and grazing overall dynamic body acceleration (GODBA) were analyzed. From the data, we explored the response patterns of grazing behavior traits of mixed-grazed cattle and sheep to the monthly changes in the grassland vegetation. GTIME and GODBA showed significant positive correlations in cattle and sheep grazed together on desert steppe pasture (R2>0.60). Further, the results showed opposite patterns in the GODBA responses of cattle and sheep. Cattle were positively stimulated by above-ground biomass (P<0.05), while negatively stimulated by Shannon index (P<0.01). Sheep were negatively stimulated by above-ground biomass and the proportion of poisonous herbage (P<0.001), while positively stimulated by Shannon index and forage crude protein content (P<0.001). In addition, the 24-hour behavioral patterns of cattle and sheep on mixed pasture both exhibited “multimodal” characteristics, and tended to shrink with the month changes. Furthermore, there were significant differences between cattle and sheep in acceleration intensity during different types of activity, with the acceleration intensity of sheep being significantly higher than that of cattle (P<0.05).
荒漠草原 / 混合放牧 / 行为特征 / 草地资源 / 全局动态加速度
desert steppe / mixed grazing / behavioral characteristics / grassland resources / overall dynamic body acceleration (ODBA)
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蒙古高原生态与资源利用教育部重点实验室开放基金课题(KF2023004)
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