不同乳酸菌制剂组合对油菜秸秆发酵品质和体外瘤胃发酵特性的影响
马永霞 , 代程程 , 吴建平 , 张康林 , 史海涛 , 黄艳玲
草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (01) : 203 -214.
不同乳酸菌制剂组合对油菜秸秆发酵品质和体外瘤胃发酵特性的影响
Effects of different Lactobacillus combinations on fermentation quality and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics of rape straw
本试验旨在探究植物乳酸杆菌和布氏乳酸杆菌对油菜秸秆的常规营养成分、康奈尔净碳水化合物蛋白质体系组分(CNCPS)和牦牛体外瘤胃发酵参数的影响。以油菜秸秆为发酵底物,共设置4个处理组,分别为对照组(CON组,不添加任何菌制剂)、LP组(添加1.0 g·kg-1植物乳酸杆菌)、LB组(添加1.0 g·kg-1布氏乳酸杆菌)和LPB组(1.0 g·kg-1植物乳酸杆菌+1.0 g·kg-1布氏乳酸杆菌),每个处理5个重复。油菜秸秆切短至2 cm并与菌制剂混合均匀后,室温厌氧发酵45 d后取样。测定油菜秸秆营养成分、CNCPS和牦牛体外瘤胃发酵参数。结果表明:1)与CON组相比,LP、LB和LPB组pH值均降低(P<0.05),乳酸含量升高(P<0.05)且LPB组含量最高。2)与CON组相比, LP、LB和LPB组的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)及纤维素(cellulose)含量降低(P<0.05),粗脂肪含量升高(P<0.05),且LPB组NDF、ADF及酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)含量低于其他两个处理组(P<0.05)。3)与CON组相比,各处理组的快速降解蛋白(PB1)和中速降解蛋白(PB2)无显著变化(P>0.05),LPB组的非蛋白氮(PA1)含量升高(P<0.05),不可降解蛋白质(PC)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。各处理组不可利用纤维(CC)含量均降低(P<0.05),可利用纤维(CB2)和非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)含量显著升高(P<0.05),LPB组的CC含量低于CON、LP和LB组(P<0.05)。4)油菜秸秆经72 h体外产气后,各组瘤胃液pH无显著差异(P>0.05),各组NH3-N含量均低于CON组(P<0.05),LPB组的干物质降解率(DMD)和挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)含量高于CON组(P<0.05)。综上,菌制剂厌氧发酵油菜秸秆后,提高了油菜秸秆的营养价值,且不同种类菌制剂对油菜秸秆营养价值的改善作用不同,经综合比较,植物乳杆菌+布氏乳杆菌>植物乳杆菌>布氏乳杆菌。
This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brucei on the conventional nutrient composition and protein fraction of rape (Brassia campestris) straw, and in vitro rumen fermentation parameters in yaks. Four treatment groups with five replicates in each group were set up, including a control group (CON; without any bacterial preparation), an LP group (with 1.0 g·kg-1L. plantarum), an LB group (with 1.0 g·kg-1L. brucei), and an LPB group (with 1.0 g·kg-1L. plantarum+1.0 g·kg-1L. brucei). Rape straw was used as fermentation substrate. The rape straw was cut to 2 cm lengths and mixed well with the bacterial preparation, then packed into polyethylene bags. The bags were evacuated and anaerobically fermented at room temperature for 45 days. Samples were taken to determine the nutrient composition, Cornell net carbohydrate and protein (CNCPS) system data, and yak in vitro rumen fermentation parameters of the straws. The results showed that: 1) Compared with the CON group, the pH values of the LP, LB, and LPB groups were decreased (P<0.05), and lactic acid content was increased (P<0.05), with the highest values recorded in the LPB group. 2) Compared with the CON group, the neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and cellulose content of the LP, LB, and LPB groups were decreased, and the ether extract content was increased (P<0.05). Furthermore, the NDF, ADF, and acid detergent lignin levels (ADL) in the LPB group were lower than those in the other two treatment groups (P<0.05). 3) Compared with the CON group, the rapidly degraded protein (PB1) and moderately degraded protein (PB2) in each treatment group did not change significantly (P>0.05). The content of non-protein nitrogen (PA1) in the LPB group increased (P<0.05), and the content of unavailable protein (PC) decreased (P<0.05). The content of unavailable fiber (CC) in each treatment group decreased (P<0.05), and the content of available fiber (CB2) and non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) increased (P<0.05), compared to CON. The content of CC in the LPB group was lower than that in CON, LP and LB groups (P<0.05). 4) After 72 hours in vitro gas production of rape straw, there was no significant difference in rumen fluid pH among the groups (P>0.05). The NH3-N content in each group was lower than that in the CON group (P<0.05). The dry matter degradation rate (DMD) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) content in the LPB group were higher than those in the CON group (P<0.05). In conclusion, the anaerobic fermentation of rape straws inoculated with bacterial preparations improved the nutritional value of the rape straws, and different bacterial preparations differed in their efficacy. On a multivariate comparative score, the treatments ranked: L. plantarum+L. brucei>L. plantarum>L. brucei.
油菜秸秆 / 康奈尔净碳水化合物蛋白质体系组分 / 菌制剂 / 体外发酵
rape straw / Cornell net carbohydrate and protein system / bacterial preparation / invitro fermentation
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四川省科技厅重点研发项目:油菜秸秆饲料化高效利用技术研究与应用(2022YFN0063)
四川肉牛创新团队建设项目(sccxtd-2023-13)
牦牛高效养殖关键技术与集成应用研究资助
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