冷季不同饲养方式对牦牛生长性能及血液生理生化指标的影响
靳生伟 , 韩银仓 , 孙永刚 , 丁维芹 , 刘亚倩 , 祁增源 , 周建强
草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (01) : 215 -225.
冷季不同饲养方式对牦牛生长性能及血液生理生化指标的影响
Effects of different feeding methods on growth performance and blood physiological and biochemical indexes of yaks
试验旨在研究冷季不同饲养方式对青海高原型牦牛生长及生理适应等特性的影响。选取320头18月龄自然放牧体重无显著差异的公牦牛[(142.45±2.65) kg]分为两组,一组在原群体自然放牧,另一组低海拔全舍饲育肥6个月。试验结束后随机屠宰育肥组和放牧组牦牛各3头,进行生长性能、屠宰性能以及血液生理生化等指标的测定。经过6个月冷季不同饲养方式饲养,育肥组牦牛体重、体斜长、胸围均极显著高于放牧组(P<0.01)。育肥组牦牛的宰前活重、肉重、骨重、蹄重、皮重、肉骨比、屠宰率、净肉率、心重、肺重和皮占体重极显著高于放牧组(P<0.01);育肥组牦牛的头重、胴体产肉率、肝重、脾重和肾重显著高于放牧组(P<0.05)。育肥组牦牛的红细胞数目(RBC)、血红蛋白浓度(HGB)显著高于放牧组(P<0.05);放牧组的平均血红蛋白含量(MCH)显著高于育肥组(P<0.05)。育肥组的总胆固醇(TC)含量显著高于放牧组(P<0.05);育肥组的钙(Ca)、磷(P)含量显著高于放牧组(P<0.05)。育肥组经济效益极显著高于放牧组(P<0.01)。冷季低海拔异地舍饲育肥能够提升牦牛的生长性能、营养代谢,优化血清生化指标,增加了牦牛的养殖效益。
This experiment studied the effects of different feeding methods in the cold season on the growth and physiological adaptation of Qinghai Plateau-type yaks. Three hundred and twenty male yaks of 18 months of age with no significant difference in natural body weight [(142.45±2.65) kg] were selected and divided into two groups. One group was naturally grazed in the original conditions, and the other group was fattened for six months in full housing at low altitude. At the end of the experiment, three yaks from each group were randomly chosen and slaughtered to determine of growth performance, slaughter performance, and blood physiology and biochemistry. After 6 months in the different feeding regimes during the cold season, the weight, body length and chest circumference of yaks in the fattening group were higher than those in the grazing group, with high statistical significance (P<0.01). Similarly, the pre-slaughter live weight, meat weight, bone weight, hoof weight, skin weight, meat∶bone ratio, slaughter rate, net meat yield, heart weight, lung weight and skin∶body weight of yaks in the fattening group were all higher than those of the grazing group, with high statistical significance (P<0.01). Meanwhile, the head weight, carcass meat yield, liver weight, spleen weight and kidney weight of yaks in the fattening group were higher than those of the grazing group, but at a lower level of statistical significance (P<0.05). The number of red blood cells and haemoglobin concentration of yaks in the fattening group were significantly higher than those in the grazing group (P<0.05); the mean haemoglobin content of yaks in the grazing group was significantly higher than that of the fattening group (P<0.05). Total cholesterol levels were significantly higher in the fattening group than in the grazing group (P<0.05); calcium and phosphorus content was significantly higher in the fattening group than in the grazing group (P<0.05). The economic benefits of the fattening group were higher than those of the grazing group, with high significance (P<0.01). In conclusion, cold-season low altitude ex-situ fattening enhanced growth performance, nutritional metabolism, and optimized serum biochemical indices of yaks, which increased the economic efficiency of yak farming.
高原型牦牛 / 异地育肥 / 生长性能 / 血液生理生化指标
plateau yak / off-site fattening / growth performance / blood physiological indexes
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