坡向和坡位对祁连山高寒灌丛植物群落多样性的影响
Effects of slope categories of differing aspect and position on plant community diversity in alpine shrubland in the Qilian Mountains
明晰坡向和坡位对祁连山高寒灌丛植物群落多样性的影响过程及其路径系数,能够为祁连山地区高寒灌丛系统进行精准分区利用管理提供科学依据。本研究以祁连山地区山体不同坡向和坡位高寒灌丛为对象,对阴坡、半阴坡和半阳坡高寒灌丛植物群落组成与结构、光照强度和土壤理化特征进行了系统研究,并采用分段式结构方程模型解析坡向和坡位对高寒灌丛植物群落多样性的影响过程及其路径系数。结果表明:草本和灌木的高度、盖度及地上、地下生物量均在下坡位最高(P<0.05)。β多样性在阴坡最高、半阳坡最低(P<0.05)。草本、灌木和群落Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数均随坡位的上升而呈降低趋势。光照强度和土壤物理化学性质均在下坡位显著高于上坡位。分段式结构方程模型分析表明,坡向和坡位主要通过影响光照强度和土壤有机质含量影响草本植物群落的多样性,而坡向和坡位主要通过影响光照强度、土壤含水量和土壤速效氮含量影响灌木植物群落的多样性。在山地小尺度地形条件下,坡向和坡位主要通过影响光照、水分、土壤有机质含量、土壤速效氮含量等因子进而影响植物群落多样性分布格局。因此,对山地高寒灌丛系统进行精准分区利用管理及退化草地生态恢复时,应考虑小尺度地形条件下坡向和坡位变化引起的植物群落微生境条件及植被分布格局异质性差异。
This research investigated the effects of slope categories defined by slope aspect (shady, semi-shady and semi-sunny slope) and slope position (upper, middle and lower position) on the diversity of alpine shrub community in Qilian Mountains, so as to provide a scientific basis for accurate zoning and management or utilization of alpine shrub vegetation in this region. For the above-mentioned slope categories, the community composition and structure, light intensity, and soil physicochemical characteristics of alpine shrubland were systematically measured, a piecewise structural equation model was used to analyze processes influencing shrub community diversity, and path coefficients of slope aspect and position effects were determined. The results showed that the height, cover, aboveground and belowground biomass of herb and shrub were highest at the lower slope position (P<0.05), while the β diversity was highest on the shady slope and lowest on semi-sunny slope (P<0.05). Shannon-Wiener diversity index, richness index and Pielou evenness index of herb, shrub and community decreased from the lower slope position to upper slope position. The light intensity and soil physicochemical characteristics were significantly higher at the lower slope position than at the upper slope position. The piecewise structural equation model showed that slope aspect and slope position affected the diversity of herbs mainly through factors such as light intensity and soil organic matter content, while they affected the diversity of shrubs mainly through factors such as light intensity, soil water content and soil available nitrogen content. For the smaller scale topographic variation investigated, slope aspect and slope position affected the distribution pattern of plant community diversity mainly through factors such as light intensity, soil water content, soil organic matter content and available nitrogen content. Therefore, when collecting data for precise zoning and to plan ecological restoration of degraded grassland in alpine shrubland, it is important to consider the change of plant community microhabitat conditions and the variation of vegetation distribution patterns which are induced by slope aspects and positions arising from small-scale topographic variation.
alpine shrub / plant diversity / slope aspect / slope position
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国家自然科学基金(32060269)
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1602307)
国家牧草产业技术体系(CARS-34)
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