农田氧化亚氮减排技术及其与绿肥协同应用分析
刘蕊 , 常单娜 , 周国朋 , 高嵩涓 , 柴强 , 曹卫东
草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (02) : 196 -210.
农田氧化亚氮减排技术及其与绿肥协同应用分析
Techniques of N2O emission reduction in farmland and their synergistic application with green manure
氧化亚氮(N2O)是导致全球气候变暖的主要温室气体之一,农业活动是N2O的重要排放源。土壤N2O排放主要源于硝化和反硝化过程,受土壤pH值、氧气浓度、二氧化碳浓度、水分、质地、温度和外源碳氮投入等因素的影响。近年来,中国在利用绿肥实现化肥减施、驱动土壤健康方面取得了明显成效。但关于绿肥参与N2O排放的研究尚处在起步阶段。种植利用绿肥对N2O排放的影响受绿肥种类、土壤理化性状等多方面因素共同作用,绿肥主要通过调控土壤无机氮含量影响N2O排放,绿肥生长期间能够吸收土壤盈余的无机氮,翻压后能够替代部分氮肥,通过减少硝化和反硝化底物减少农田土壤N2O排放,但同时存在由于绿肥腐解引发的有机氮矿化导致的N2O排放风险。可根据绿肥种植制度、作物种类、气候条件和土壤类型等,采用适宜的N2O减排技术。南方水稻与绿肥轮作区,可减施氮肥40%,添加生物炭等碱性调理剂;华北地区主作物与绿肥轮作区,可减施氮肥15%~20%,添加化学抑制剂、结合氮肥机械化深施;东北和西北地区的主作物复种、间作绿肥制度中,可减施氮肥13%~48%,结合添加硝化抑制剂、结合水肥一体化和免耕;西南地区主作物与绿肥轮作制度中,可减施氮肥15%~20%,配合缓控释肥一次性施肥和添加化学抑制剂等。重点探讨了N2O减排技术在绿肥制度中应用的可行性,以期为更好发挥绿肥作用,进一步减缓N2O排放提供参考。
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is one of four the main gases linked to global warming, and agricultural production is the largest anthropogenic source of N2O emissions. N2O mainly originates from nitrification and denitrification processes in soil and is predominantly influenced by soil pH value, O2 concentration, CO2 concentration, moisture, texture, temperature, and exogenous carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) input. In recent years, China has achieved remarkable results in using green manure to reduce chemical N fertilizer application and drive soil health. However, study of the role of green manure in N2O emission is still in the early stages. The impact of planting and incorporating green manure on soil N2O emission depends on factors such as the varieties of green manure and the physicochemical properties of the soil. Among them, the influence on soil mineral N is the greatest factor. Generally, green manure can efficiently absorb soil mineral N in the fallow period, and its incorporation into the soil can reduce chemical N fertilizer application, thus decreasing N2O emission. However, green manure releases large amounts of N during its decomposition, which may increase soil N2O emissions. Combined with appropriate N2O emission reduction approaches, N2O emission in green manure-based systems can be reduced according to planting systems, crop varieties, climate conditions and soil types. In southern China’s rice-green manure rotation area, chemical N could be reduced by 40%, when adding alkaline amendments such as biochar. In northern China’s main crop-green manure rotation area, chemical N could be reduced by 15%-20%, through adding chemical inhibitors and combining mechanical deep application of chemical N fertilizers. For main crops rotated or intercropped with green manure systems in Northeast and Northwest China, chemical N could be reduced by 13%-48%, by adding nitrification inhibitors, with integrated water-fertilizer management practices and no-tillage. In main crops rotated with green manure systems of Southwest China, chemical N could be reduced by 15%-20%, through techniques such as slow-release fertilization, use of chemical inhibitors, and others. In this study we have focused on the feasibility of N2O emission reduction by combining green manure practices and exogenous reduction approaches to N2O emission, to provide practical guidance for reducing N2O emission in green manure-based systems.
green manure / nitrous oxide / influencing factors / emission reduction technology
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国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1700200)
国家绿肥产业技术体系项目(CARS-22)
中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目资助
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