紫花苜蓿GLK基因家族鉴定及渗透胁迫下的表达分析
马超 , 孙熙婧 , 冯雅岚 , 周爽 , 琚吉浩 , 吴毅 , 王添宁 , 郭彬彬 , 张均
草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (01) : 174 -190.
紫花苜蓿GLK基因家族鉴定及渗透胁迫下的表达分析
Genome-wide identification of the GLK gene family in alfalfa and their transcript profiles under osmotic stress
GLK (Golden2-like或G2-like)属于GARP超家族,是植物生长发育过程中的重要转录因子,在调节植物叶绿体发育、叶绿素生物合成和非生物胁迫响应等方面发挥着重要作用。目前,GLK基因家族成员已在多个物种中被系统鉴定,但在四倍体紫花苜蓿全基因组水平上仍然知之甚少。利用生物信息学的方法,在“新疆大叶”紫花苜蓿基因组中鉴定到100个GLK基因(MsGLKs),并对其理化性质、染色体定位、系统进化关系、启动子顺式作用元件以及渗透胁迫和外源脱落酸(ABA)处理下的表达模式进行了分析。结果显示,100个MsGLK基因在32条染色体上不均匀分布,蛋白序列长度为201~860个氨基酸。根据系统发育分析结果,将MsGLK家族成员分为13个组。共线性分析表明,在紫花苜蓿基因组中共发现193个MsGLK基因重复事件,基因非同义替代数/同义替代数(Ka/Ks)分析显示,大部分重复基因对经历了纯化选择。MsGLK基因启动子的顺式作用元件广泛参与了植物生长发育、激素响应和胁迫反应。基因表达数据显示,12个基因的表达具有组织特异性,25个基因在所有组织中表达。RT-qPCR检测发现,MsGLK基因在干旱胁迫、盐胁迫和外源ABA处理下均有一定程度的响应。研究结果将为进一步探索 MsGLK基因的功能和紫花苜蓿抗逆性遗传改良提供参考。
GLK (Golden2-like or G2-like) transcription factors belong to the GARP superfamily, whose members play crucial roles in plant growth and development. Members of the GLK gene family play important roles in regulating plant chloroplast development, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and the abiotic stress response. The GLK gene family has been systematically identified in many plant species, but not yet in tetraploid alfalfa (Medicago sativa). In this study, we used bioinformatics methods to identify 100 GLK genes (MsGLKs) in the genome of the alfalfa cultivar “Xinjiang Daye”. Further analyses were conducted to explore the physicochemical properties of their putative encoded products, chromosome localization, phylogenetic relationships, cis-acting elements in their promoter regions, and transcript profiles under osmotic stress and exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. The results showed that the 100 MsGLK genes were unevenly distributed on the 32 chromosomes, and encoded polypeptides with sequence lengths ranging from 201 to 860 amino acids. In a phylogenetic analysis, the MsGLK family members were divided into 13 groups. A collinearity analysis detected 193 MsGLK gene duplicates in the alfalfa genome, and a analysis of the ratio of the number of nonsynonymous substitutions per nonsynonymous site to the number of synonymous substitutions per synonymous site (Ka/Ks) revealed that most of the duplicated gene pairs have undergone purification selection. A range of cis-acting elements were detected in MsGLK gene promoter regions, and were involved in plant growth and development, hormone responses, and stress responses. Analyses of gene transcript profiles revealed that 12 MsGLKs showed tissue-specific expression patterns, and 25 MsGLKs were expressed in all tissues. Further RT-qPCR analyses revealed that some MsGLK genes were activated to some degree in response to drought stress, salt stress, and exogenous ABA treatment. The results of this study provide reference information for further research on the function of MsGLK genes and for the genetic improvement of stress resistance in alfalfa.
紫花苜蓿 / GLK基因 / 生物信息学 / 渗透胁迫 / 表达模式
alfalfa / GLK gene / bioinformatics / osmotic stress / expression patterns
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国家自然科学基金(32372227)
河南省高等学校青年骨干教师培养计划(2021GGJS050)
河南省自然科学基金(242300421319)
河南省科技研发计划联合基金项目(232103810021)
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