乳酸菌对全株玉米青贮发酵品质和霉菌毒素含量的影响
Effects of different lactic acid bacteria strains on fermentation quality and mycotoxin contents of whole-plant corn silage
以前期研究筛得的具有潜在抑菌脱毒活性的副干酪乳杆菌LS2、植物乳杆菌S6-2和干酪乳杆菌GD2-1这3株乳酸菌为对象,模拟玉米在田间遭受霉菌侵染,将田间遭受霉菌侵染组(FI)和未侵染组(NFI)玉米进行以下处理:1)自然发酵对照组(CON);2)接种副干酪乳杆菌LS2(LS2);3)接种植物乳杆菌S6-2(S6-2);4)接种干酪乳杆菌GD2-1(GD2-1),于青贮3、5、14、45和180 d后取样,研究乳酸菌对青贮玉米发酵品质和霉菌毒素含量的影响。结果表明,接种GD2-1显著降低了(P<0.05)NFI组氨态氮含量,3株乳酸菌均显著提高了(P<0.05)NFI组水溶性碳水化合物含量。接种S6-2处理显著降低了(P<0.05)FI组氨态氮含量,接种LS2和S6-2处理显著提高了(P<0.05)FI组水溶性碳水化合物含量,接种LS2处理均显示最高的乙酸含量。田间霉菌侵染显著提高了新鲜玉米中呕吐毒素和玉米赤霉烯酮浓度。乳酸菌对霉菌毒素的脱毒效应受到底物浓度影响,各接种剂均未显著影响玉米赤霉烯酮和NFI组呕吐毒素含量,而接种LS2、S6-2和GD2-1处理均显著(P<0.05)降低了FI组全株玉米青贮饲料黄曲霉毒素B1浓度,S6-2处理显著(P<0.05)降低了FI组呕吐毒素浓度。综上所述,接种3株乳酸菌均降低了氨态氮含量,提高了青贮过程中水溶性碳水化合物和乙酸等含量,改善了全株玉米青贮饲料发酵品质,3株乳酸菌均未显著影响青贮饲料玉米赤霉烯酮含量,但均降低了霉菌侵染组全株玉米青贮饲料黄曲霉毒素B1浓度,S6-2还可降低霉菌侵染组全株玉米青贮饲料呕吐毒素浓度。
The study aimed to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus paracasei LS2, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum S6-2, and Lactobacillus casei GD2-1 on the fermentation quality and mycotoxin concentrations in corn silage. Fungal infected (FI) or non-fungal infected (NFI) whole-plant corn was ensiled with: 1) no treatment (CON), 2) L. paracasei (LS2), 3) L. plantarum (S6-2), or 4) L. casei (GD2-1) for 180 days. The results indicated that inoculation withGD2-1 significantly reduced the ammonia nitrogen contents, and all three lactic acid bacterial strains significantly increased the water-soluble carbohydrate contents in the NFI treatments (P<0.05). Inoculation withS6-2 significantly reduced the ammonia nitrogen contents, and inoculation withLS2 andS6-2 increased the water-soluble carbohydrate content in the FI treatments (P<0.05). The LS2 inoculated silages showed the highest acetic acid contents. Fungal infection significantly increased the concentrations of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in fresh corn. The detoxification effects of lactic acid bacteria were mycotoxin-dose dependent. The inoculants did not affect the zearalenone concentration in FI and NFI silages and deoxynivalenol in NFI silages. Inoculating LS2,S6-2, and GD2-1 significantly (P<0.05) decreased the aflatoxin B1 concentration in FI silages, andS6-2 significantly (P<0.05) decreased the deoxynivalenol concentration in FI silages. In summary, inoculating the three lactic acid bacteria reduced the ammonia-nitrogen concentration and increased the water-soluble carbohydrates and acetic acid contents during the ensiling, improving the fermentation quality of the whole-plant corn silage. The three strains did not significantly affect the zearalenone contents of FI and NFI silages, but reduced the concentration of aflatoxin B1 in FI silages, and S6-2 reduced the deoxynivalenol concentration in the FI silages.
whole-plant corn silages / lactic acid bacteria / mycotoxins / fermentation quality
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国家自然科学基金项目(32271773)
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