施氮对饲用高粱/拉巴豆混播草地生产性能和氮肥贡献率的影响
王斌 , 史佳梅 , 王腾飞 , 张译尹 , 马江萍 , 李佳旺 , 王小兵 , 邓建强 , 兰剑
草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (04) : 53 -63.
施氮对饲用高粱/拉巴豆混播草地生产性能和氮肥贡献率的影响
Effect of nitrogen application on production performance and nitrogen fertilizer contribution of forage sorghum/lablab mixed cropping
为了探究施氮量对饲用高粱单作及混播模式下饲草产量形成及氮素利用的影响,本研究以饲用高粱品种“绿巨人”和拉巴豆品种“高值”为试验材料,于2021-2022年在宁夏大学草业科学教学科研基地进行大田裂区试验,设置两个种植模式(饲用高粱单播,SS;饲用高粱/拉巴豆混播,SL)为主区,4个施氮量(N0,0 kg·hm-2;N90,90 kg·hm-2;N180,180 kg·hm-2;N270,270 kg·hm-2)为副区,测定生产性能、营养品质及氮肥利用效率等相关指标。结果表明,饲用高粱/拉巴豆混播结合施氮可促进饲草生长,提高草地生产性能,其中饲用高粱/拉巴豆混播结合施氮量180 kg·hm-2模式下的干草产量和粗蛋白产量均达到最高,分别为28352.5 kg·hm-2和2481.1 kg·hm-2,较单播饲用高粱分别提高了14.8%和25.9%。混播结合施氮可改善饲草营养品质,混播模式下施氮量为180 kg·hm-2时,茎秆糖锤度和相对饲喂价值较单播饲用高粱分别提高10.3%和18.9%。适宜的施氮量也可显著提高氮肥贡献率,单播模式的氮肥贡献率在施氮量为270 kg·hm-2时达到最高,混播模式在180 kg·hm-2时最高。此外,混播模式的氮肥农艺利用效率和氮肥偏生产力较单播均有不同程度的增加,在施氮量为90 kg·hm-2时达到最大值。综上所述,饲用高粱/拉巴豆混播结合施氮量180 kg·hm-2模式是宁夏干旱区增加饲草产量、改善饲草营养品质和提高氮肥利用效率的适宜种植模式和施氮水平。
This research investigated the effect of nitrogen application on the forage yield and nutrient utilization of forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) variety “Hulk” and lablab (Dolichos lablab) variety “High Value” under different cropping patterns. A split-plot experiment was conducted at the Grass Science Teaching and Research Base of Ningxia University in 2021-2022, with two planting patterns (sole forage sorghum (SS), forage sorghum/lablab mixed cropping (SL) as main plot treatments, and four nitrogen (N) application rates (N0, 0 kg·ha-1; N90, 90 kg·ha-1; N180, 180 kg·ha-1; and N270, 270 kg·ha-1) as the sub-plot treatments, to measure the related indexes of yield, nutrient quality and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency. It was found that forage sorghum/lablab mixed cropping combined with N fertilization promoted the growth of forage and improved the productivity of pastures. The dry matter yield and crude protein yield of forage were highest in the sorghum/lablab mixed cropping treatment with N application of 180 kg·ha-1, and were 28352 kg·ha-1 and 2481 kg·ha-1, respectively. These values were higher than corresponding values of sole forage sorghum by 14.8% and 25.9%. Mixed cropping combined with N fertilization improved the nutritional quality of forage. At the N application of 180 kg·ha-1 in the mixed cropping system, stalk sugar content and relative feeding value increased by 10.3% and 18.9%, respectively, compared with that of sole forage sorghum in the N0 treatment. N application also significantly increased N fertilizer response, which was highest at 270 kg·ha-1 for sole forage sorghum and at 180 kg·ha-1 for the mixed cropping treatment. In addition, both N fertilizer agronomic use efficiency and N partial factor productivity of the mixed cropping treatment patterns across N fertilizer application rates differed from those of the sole forage sorghum plots, and reached their maximum at a N application rate of 90 kg·ha-1. In conclusion, forage sorghum/lablab mixed cropping combined with nitrogen application at 180 kg·ha-1 pattern is a suitable planting pattern and nitrogen application level for increasing forage yield, improving forage nutritional quality and improving nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency in the arid region of Ningxia.
mixed cropping / nitrogen fertilizer / production performance / nutritional quality / nitrogen fertilizer utilization
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宁夏高等学校一流学科建设(草学学科)项目(NXYLK2017A01)
“一年两熟”人工草地可持续发展模式研究与示范项目(2020BBF02001)
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