净化沼液滴灌对砂壤土质量、青贮玉米生产力的影响及安全消纳容量分析
蒋鹏 , 李磊 , 解昊郡 , 徐得甲 , 王锐 , 虎强 , 孙权
草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (04) : 64 -81.
净化沼液滴灌对砂壤土质量、青贮玉米生产力的影响及安全消纳容量分析
Effect of purified biogas slurry drip irrigation on sandy loam soil quality, silage maize productivity and analysis of safe application rate
针对宁夏草畜产业“种养结合”不紧密,种植端土壤质量下降、作物生产力不高,而养殖端大量粪污直接施用存在环境和健康风险等问题,采用多级过滤工艺获得净化沼液,设置不同滴灌量(0、225、450、675、900、1125、1350 m3·hm-2),以液肥形式滴灌于指示作物青贮玉米,系统研究其对土壤质量、青贮玉米生产力的影响及开展安全消纳容量分析。结果表明,土壤pH、全盐、速效氮、有效磷、速效钾及重金属铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)含量随着净化沼液滴灌量增加呈显著增加趋势,而土壤有机质含量随着净化沼液滴灌量增加表现为先增加后降低趋势,其中,还田量为900 m3·hm-2时土壤有机质含量最高,同时,该处理显著提高了土壤水稳性大团聚体(>0.25 mm)含量、平均质量直径(MWD)、几何平均直径(GMD)、微生物生物量碳(MBC)含量及酶活性,且提高了土壤质量指数(SQI)。青贮玉米产量、干物质及淀粉含量随着净化沼液施用量增加均呈先增加后降低趋势,线性回归方程模拟得出净化沼液还田量为805.56~925.00 m3·hm-2可更好地促进青贮玉米产量与品质提升。此外,青贮玉米中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr含量随着净化沼液施用量增加呈增加趋势,但远远低于饲料卫生限量值。净化沼液滴灌量900 m3·hm-2下SQI及青贮玉米生产力最高,以此滴灌量为计算依据,按照重金属Cd元素“木桶效应”则可计算出土壤环境消纳容量为连续滴灌 25 年可维持土壤重金属含量不超标,而按照全国第二次土壤普查宁夏土壤盐渍化划分标准可计算出连续滴灌19年可能不会发生土壤次生盐渍化。
Ningxia’s forage and livestock industries currently face multiple issues; forage plant breeding and production is below requirement, the soil quality in the forage production areas is declining, the yields are modest, and the application of a large amounts of manure as fertilizer has both environmental and health risks. In this study, a multi-stage filtration process was used to obtain purified biogas slurry, and an experiment was set up to apply the slurry at different rates (0, 225, 450, 675, 900, 1125, 1350 m3·ha-1) by drip irrigation. The purified slurry liquid fertilizer was applied to a silage maize crop, and its effects on soil quality and silage maize yield were systematically studied to determine the safe application rate. The results showed that soil pH, the contents of total salt, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and heavy metals including copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) increased significantly with increased biogas slurry application rate, while the content of soil organic matter initially increased and then decreased with increased application rate. Soil organic matter level was highest under the 900 m3·ha-1 treatment. This treatment also significantly increased the content of soil water-stable macroaggregates (>0.25 mm), mean weight diameter, geometric mean diameter, microbial biomass carbon content, enzyme activity and quality index. The yield, dry matter content and starch content of silage maize increased initially and then decreased with successive increases in the application rate of purified biogas slurry. A linear regression equation showed that a purified slurry application rate of 806-925 m3·ha-1 best promoted the yield and quality of silage maize. In addition, the contents of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Cr in silage maize showed an increasing trend with increase in the application rate of purified biogas slurry. However, heavy metal levels observed were far lower than the permissible limits in animal feed. Based on this study, it was concluded that the soil quality index and silage maize productivity were the highest under the slurry application rate of 900 m3·ha-1. Based on this drip application rate, and the permissible levels of the heavy metal element, Cd, the soil environmental absorption capacity can be calculated. After continuous drip irrigation for 25 years, the soil heavy metal content would not exceed the standard. Furthermore, based on the second national soil census Ningxia soil salinization division standard, it can be calculated that continuous drip irrigation for 19 years would not result in soil secondary salinization.
净化沼液 / 青贮玉米 / 产量 / 土壤质量指数 / 重金属
purified biogas slurry / silage maize / yield / soil quality index / heavy metal
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奶牛粪污生物强化处理与分类再利用创新模式研究与示范(2022BEG02004)
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