植物乳植杆菌与糖蜜对花生秧青贮饲料发酵品质、生物胺含量及细菌群落的影响
毛开 , 许艺 , 王学梅 , 柴欢 , 黄帅 , 王坚 , 郇树乾 , 玉柱 , 王目森
草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (05) : 146 -158.
植物乳植杆菌与糖蜜对花生秧青贮饲料发酵品质、生物胺含量及细菌群落的影响
Effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and molasses on the fermentation quality, biogenic amines contents and bacterial community of peanut vine silage
花生秧青贮过程中真蛋白发生大量降解,游离氨基酸可在氨基酸脱羧酶作用下进一步脱羧形成生物胺。为降低花生秧青贮饲料生物胺含量,本试验设置以下处理:蒸馏水(对照),2%糖蜜,植物乳植杆菌(1×106菌落形成单位),2%糖蜜和植物乳植杆菌复合处理;每个处理4次重复,青贮28 d并分析样品发酵品质、生物胺含量及细菌群落。结果表明,花生秧自然青贮发酵品质差,主要生物胺是酪胺(1338.36 mg·kg-1干物质)和尸胺(417.58 mg·kg-1干物质);糖蜜与糖蜜和菌复合处理可显著改善发酵品质(P<0.001),降低酪胺、尸胺及总生物胺含量(P<0.05)。花生秧原料主要细菌是猪副杆菌(17.51%)、蝙蝠假单胞菌(13.06%)、分散泛菌(5.63%)及柠檬色短小杆菌(5.53%);自然青贮后细菌种类复杂,以类肠膜魏斯氏菌(22.71%)、植物乳植杆菌(10.67%)、发酵粘液乳杆菌(10.38%)、坎氏魏斯氏菌(9.27%)、戊糖片球菌(8.34%)、蝙蝠假单胞菌(8.07%)、格氏乳球菌(6.74%)及人参皂苷伴生乳杆菌(5.10%)为主。与对照组相比,糖蜜提高了植物乳植杆菌和类肠膜魏斯氏菌相对丰度,降低了戊糖片球菌和坎氏魏斯氏菌丰度;糖蜜和菌复合处理增加了植物乳植杆菌和桥粘液乳杆菌丰度,优化了细菌群落结构。斯皮尔曼相关性分析表明,酪胺和尸胺与pH、丁酸、氨态氮、猪副杆菌、人参皂苷伴生乳杆菌及坎氏魏斯氏菌呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。综合发酵品质、营养成分及生物胺含量,糖蜜与糖蜜和菌复合处理组效果较好。
During ensiling of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) vine, a large proportion of the true protein is degraded and free amino acids are further decarboxylated to form biogenic amines by amino acid decarboxylases. The aim of this study was to identify ways to decrease the biogenic amines contents of peanut vine silage. Peanut vine silage was prepared using distilled water (control) and three different treatments consisting of 2% molasses, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (1×106 colony-forming units) and a combination of molasses and Lacti. plantarum. Each treatment had four replicates. After 28 days of fermentation, the silage was analyzed to determine the fermentation quality, biogenic amines contents and bacterial community composition. The results showed that the main biogenic amines in poorly and naturally fermented stylo silage were tyramine (1338.36 mg·kg-1 dry matter) and cadaverine (417.58 mg·kg-1 dry matter). The application of molasses alone or in combination with Lacti. plantarum significantly improved fermentation quality (P<0.001) and decreased the contents of tyramine, cadaverine and total biogenic amine (P<0.05). The bacterial community in the fresh material was dominated by Parasaccharibacter apium (17.51%), Pseudomonas batumici (13.06%), Pantoea dispersa (5.63%) and Curtobacterium citreum (5.53%). After ensiling, the composition of the bacterial community in naturally fermented peanut vine silage was complex, mainly composed of Weissella paramesenteroides (22.71%), Lacti. plantarum (10.67%), Limosilactobacillus fermentum (10.38%), Weissella kandleri (9.27%), Pediococcus pentosaceus (8.34%), Pseud. batumici (8.07%), Lactococcus garvieae (6.74%) and Companilactobacillus ginsenosidimutans (5.10%). Compared with the control, the molasses treatment increased the relative abundance of Lacti. plantarum and Weiss. paramesenteroides and decreased that of Pedio. pentosaceus and Weiss. kandleri. In comparison with the control, a combination of molasses and Lacti. plantarum improved the bacterial community structure of silage by increasing Lacti. plantarum and Limosilactobacillus pontis abundance. Spearman correlation analysis results indicated that tyramine and cadaverine were positively related to pH, butyric acid, ammonia nitrogen, Paras. apium, Compa. ginsenosidimutans and Weiss. kandleri (P<0.05). In conclusion, the silages produced with molasses alone or with the combination of molasses and Lacti. plantarum showed improved quality, in terms of fermentation quality, nutritional composition and biogenic amines contents.
花生秧 / 发酵品质 / 细菌群落 / 生物胺 / 青贮饲料
peanut vine / fermentation quality / bacterial community / biogenic amines / silage
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海南大学科研启动基金(KYQDZR22014)
国家重点研发基金(2022YFE0111000)
国家重点研发基金(2022YFD1602300)
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