新疆针茅传播体形态及埋深对种子萌发出苗的影响
Dispersal unit morphology, and effects of burial depth on seed germination and emergence of Stipa sareptana
新疆针茅为禾本科多年生草本植物,是新疆荒漠草地广泛分布的重要建群种与优势种。以新疆针茅为研究对象,研究传播体形态、芒的功能及种子萌发出苗特性,分析传播体各部分形态与埋深之间的关系,比较不同埋深对种子萌发与幼苗出土的影响。结果表明:1)新疆针茅的传播体由外稃、内稃和颖果组成。外稃基部尖锐被毛具有锚固性,外稃伸长形成芒,芒有两回膝曲,芒的长度是种子长的15倍。2)芒具有吸湿性,芒吸湿带动传播体发生自埋现象,且自埋深度为(4.10±0.53) cm。3)埋深对新疆针茅种子萌发率、出苗率均有极显著影响(P<0.01)。种子能在深度0~12 cm的埋深中萌发,<6 cm的埋深中出苗。在1~2 cm的浅层埋深时种子萌发率和出苗率最高,埋深深度超过2 cm之后,种子萌发率和出苗率与埋深深度呈负相关。4)埋深对新疆针茅幼苗生长以及生物量的分配均有极显著影响(P<0.01)。新疆针茅幼苗在埋深情况下,幼苗会分配较多的生物量向上运输,优先用于芽部分的生长,其生物量分配模式的改变是新疆针茅对埋深环境的重要应对策略。新疆针茅独特的传播体结构不仅增强了种子入土的稳定性,也极大地提升了种子萌发成功率与幼苗建立能力,为新疆针茅种群的更新与繁衍奠定了坚实基础。
Stipa sareptana, a perennial herb of the Poaceae, is an important community constructive and dominant species widely distributed in desert grassland of Xinjiang. This research studied the morphology of the dispersal unit, the function of the awn and the germination and emergence characteristics of S. sareptana seeds. The relationship between the morphology of each part of the dispersal unit and the buried depth was analyzed, and the effects of different burial depths on seed germination and seedling emergence were compared. The results show that: 1) The dispersal unit is composed of lemma, palea and caryopsis. The base of the lemma is sharp and hairy with an anchoring capability. The lemma elongates to form an awn, and the elongated body of the awn is typically doubly bent. The length of the awn is 15 times than that of the seed. 2) The awn is hygroscopic, and the hygroscopic awn drives a self-burial phenomenon of the dispersal unit. The burial depth achieved is (4.10±0.53) cm. 3) Burial depth had a very significant effect on the seed germination percentage and seedling emergence percentage of S. sareptana seeds (P<0.01). The seeds germinated in the depth range of 0-12 cm, and emerged from depths <6 cm. The seed germination percentage and seedling emergence percentage were highest when the burial depth was 1-2 cm. When the burial depth exceeded 2 cm, the seed germination percentage and seedling emergence percentage were negatively correlated with the burial depth. 4) The burial depth had a significant effect on the growth and biomass allocation of S. sareptana seedlings (P<0.01). When the buried depth increases, S. sareptana seedlings allocate more biomass to upward growth, thus promoting the growth of shoots above ground. The plasticity of biomass distribution is an important mechanism for S. sareptana to adjust to variation in burial depth. The unique dispersal unit structure of S. sareptana not only enhances the survival of seeds entering the soil, but also greatly improves the success rate of seed germination and subsequent seedling establishment. These seed properties are highly advantageous to the renewal and reproduction of S. sareptana populations.
新疆针茅 / 传播体 / 芒 / 吸湿性 / 种子萌发 / 幼苗出土
Stipa sareptana / dispersal unit / awn / hygroscopic / seed germination / seedling emergence
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国家自然科学基金(31560113)
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