不同添加剂对蚕豆秸秆青贮品质及微生物多样性的影响
陈鑫珠 , 林平冬 , 岳稳 , 杨雅妮 , 邱水玲 , 郑向丽
草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (04) : 164 -174.
不同添加剂对蚕豆秸秆青贮品质及微生物多样性的影响
Effects of various additives on the quality and microbial diversity of broad bean straw silage
为研究不同添加剂对蚕豆秸秆青贮品质和微生物多样性的影响,设3%蔗糖(T1组)、乳酸菌(T2组)、乳酸菌+3%蔗糖(T3组)、乳酸菌+0.2%柠檬酸(T4组)、0.2%柠檬酸(T5组)、0.03% NaCl(T6组)、0.1%维生素C(T7组)7个添加剂处理组和无添加剂对照组(CK组),每个处理3个重复。青贮30 d后开封取样,进行青贮料的感官质量、青贮品质及微生物多样性分析。结果表明,1)在感官质量上,7个添加剂处理组均为1级,优于CK组;2)在青贮品质上,与对照组相比,T1组的乙酸(AA)含量显著提高(P<0.05);T2组乳酸(LA)含量显著提高,pH值显著降低(P<0.05);T3组可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)、LA和AA含量显著提高(P<0.05),酸性洗涤纤维含量和pH值显著降低(P<0.05);T4组WSC和LA含量显著提高(P<0.05),pH值和氨态氮含量显著降低(P<0.05);T5和T7组的LA和AA含量均显著提高(P<0.05),粗蛋白(CP)含量显著降低(P<0.05);T6组WSC、LA和AA含量显著提高(P<0.05),CP含量显著降低(P<0.05);3)在微生物多样性上,各组在属水平上的优势菌群均为肠杆菌属(占比19.3%~41.3%)和乳植杆菌属(占比12.0%~40.0%);与对照组相比,T3、T5、T7组的乳植杆菌属、片球菌属和魏斯氏菌属相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05),其中T3组的Alpha多样性和Beta多样性差异显著(P<0.05)。由此可见,添加剂处理能够改善蚕豆秸秆青贮料的感官和青贮品质,调整青贮发酵微生物群落结构,其中乳酸菌联合3%蔗糖处理的青贮发酵效果最佳。
This study investigated the effects of different additives on the quality and microbial diversity of broad bean straw silage. The experiment included seven additive treatments (T1 with 3% sucrose, T2 with lactic acid bacteria, T3 with lactic acid bacteria+3% sucrose, T4 with lactic acid bacteria + 0.2% citric acid, T5 with 0.2% citric acid, T6 with 0.03% NaCl, and T7 with 0.1% vitamin C) and a control group without additives (CK group), with 3 replicates for each treatment. After 30 days of ensiling, samples of the silages were analysed of sensory quality, ensiling quality, and microbial diversity. It was found that: 1) In terms of sensory quality, all the seven additive treatment groups were grade 1, and were superior to the CK group. 2) In terms of ensiling quality, compared with the control group, acetic acid (AA) content in the T1 group was significantly increased (P<0.05); Lactic acid (LA) content in the T2 group was significantly increased (P<0.05), and pH value was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The contents of water soluble carbohydrates (WSC), LA and AA in the T3 group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the content of acid detergent fiber and pH value were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The WSC and LA contents in the T4 group were significantly increased (P<0.05), while the pH value and ammoniacal nitrogen content were significantly decreased (P<0.05); The contents of LA and AA in T5 and T7 groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), while the crude protein (CP) content was significantly decreased (P<0.05); The contents of WSC, LA and AA in the T6 group were significantly increased (P<0.05), while CP content was significantly decreased (P<0.05). 3) In terms of microbial diversity, the dominant bacterial groups at the genus level in each group were Enterobacter (accounting for 19.3%-41.3%) and Lactiplantibacillus (accounting for 12.0%-40.0%). Compared with the control group, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, and Weissella in the T3, T5, and T7 groups was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the Alpha diversity and Beta diversity in the T3 group were significantly different (P<0.05). In summary, the additive treatment enhanced the sensory and silage quality of broad bean straw silage and regulated the microbial community structure of silage fermentation. Among the treatments, combining lactic acid bacteria with 3% sucrose had the best fermentation effect.
broad bean straw / additives / silage quality / microbial diversity
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国家自然科学基金(32302791)
福建省人民政府中国农业科学院农业高质量发展超越“5511”协同创新工程项目(XTCXGC2021012)
福建省人民政府中国农业科学院农业高质量发展超越“5511”协同创新工程项目(XTCXGC2021019)
非粮蛋白饲料资源开发关键技术研究及产业化应用(福建省生猪营养与饲养重点实验室)(2022L3056)
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